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SUMMING IT UP. 



A TREATISE 



ON ECONOMICAL, MORAL AND RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS OF 
THE PRESENT TIME, SHOWING HOW THEY HAVE 
BEEN EVOLVED THROUGH THE CENTURIES, 
WITH SUGGESTIONS AS TO HOW THE 
MISTAKES CAN BE RECTIFIED, 
AND UNIVERSAL HAPPI- 
NESS AND EQUAL- 
ITY ASSURED. 



BY 



HENRY LEWIS HUBBARD. 

1/ 



Copyright, 1909, by 
J. S. Ogilvie Publishing Company, 



New York : 

J, S. OGILVIE PUBLISHING COMPANY, 

57 Rose Street, 



i4* 



I 



r.i. A 246 9 00 
SEP 22 1909 



CA-, 



CONTENTS 

PAGE 

Part First — 

The Old World 5 

Part Second — 

New World 23 

Part Third — 

Principles and Precedents 40 

Part Fourth — 

Social and Moral Energy 56 

Part Fifth — 

Analytic Conclusion 71 



SUMMING IT UP 



PART FIRST 

THE OLD WORLD 

When Noah and his family came out of the Ark, 
they were not to know the pleasure of having every- 
thing provided, as was the case with Adam and Eve. 
They were soon confronted with the problem of subsist- 
ence, for all that maintained during the sixteen hun- 
dred and fifty-six years of the Antediluvians had per- 
ished. 

Nature was now the master, and the question natu- 
rally arose of who should acquire most, The toilers 
were to wrest from the earth her treasures, while 
those who became the councillors and law-makers 
soon planned a tax system for the support of a king- 
dom 1 . 

When Noah cursed his son Ham, and his offspring, 
and declared they should be the servants of their 
brethren, Shem and Japheth, and their offspring, he 
no doubt little thought that a mighty descendant of 
that son Ham would rule the first Kingdom. After 
that Kingdom of Nimrod, Ashur built the great city 
of Nineveh, 2229 B. G. 

That the spirit of greed was now uppermost in the 
minds of men was evident, for we read that the city 
of Nineveh was surrounded with walls and high tow- 

5 



6 SUMMING IT UP 

ers to protect it from those who would take it by 
force. 

When Semiramis became queen of this empire, we 
find she was suffering with the greed fever very per- 
ceptibly. Learning of the great riches of the King 
of the Indies she marched her entire army against 
him. 

To the land of Egypt had journeyed the descendants 
of Ham, where a mighty nation was built, which be- 
came the most learned of all. But despite their learn- 
ing they were possessed with the cruelty of greed, as 
their oppression of the Hebrews and their system of 
bondage proved. 

That no nation was immune from this disease the 
pages of history plainly show ; and even so wise a man 
as King Solomon could not be satisfied. 

While that wonderful man Jesus was growing up, 
Augustus Csesar was trying to satisfy his greed for 
power by establishing himself emperor of the greatest 
empire the world had ever known. 

When Jesus began to preach in Jerusalem, Tiberius 
Csesar, then emperor at Rome, received a description 
in a message from his brother, then at Jerusalem, of 
the great preacher called Jesus. It is easy to imagine 
that warty old face of Caesar's as he pictured to him- 
self the fate of Jesus, and indulged himself in deris- 
ive laughter. 

Rome was now a city of four million inhabitants, 
but destitute of that principle which ever teaches 
mankind that all power founded on injustice must 
perish. Its wealth was acquired through greed-rob- 
bery with its inevitable result. 

Mahomet, the camel-driver, was visited by the 
greed-germ one night, as he lay in his cave, and he too 
was eventually to become a power. 

Later we find the popes also afflicted, and in, their 
mad delirium they claimed themselves viceroys of 



SUMMING IT UP 7 

God; and owners of all the earth; and nothing but a 
triple-crown could satisfy their fevered brows. 

Catholicism, having established itself as the re- 
ligion propounded by the bishops, from the time of 
Constantine in the year 311 A. D. had become a power; 
and its subjects tried to persuade the Barbarian kings 
to maintain the bishops; but the kings sought to exile 
them as the emperors had previously exiled the her- 
etics. The bishops, how r ever, succeeded in converting 
enough to perpetuate their principles, and Catholicism 
gradually extended over all the Western empire, 
through the undaunted spirit of the monks who were 
often given large land grants for the establishment of 
their monasteries. 

While the North was being christianized by Cathol- 
icism, Mahometanism became the religion of the South. 

The old Roman Empire, called the Byzantine Em- 
pire, its capital at Constantinople, still continued its 
power. Its emperor in the sixth century being Justin- 
ian, who endeavored to reconstruct the old Western 
remnant, but could not defend Italy from the Lom- 
bards. He sought to build monuments then in his 
own empire to the memory of the old Roman glories, 
in the form of original architecture. These edifices 
have given to the world its greatest lessons in beauti- 
ful structural designing. 

It was Justinian who compiled the old Roman laws, 
and it is these laws that have been handed down, 
generation after generation, as the foundation for 
many of the laws of the Anglo-Saxon race. Justinian 
had an oriental monarchy and he was head of the 
church, as the Czar of Russia is head of the church 
of his country. 

The millions of Russians have retained much of 
the letters and arts of the old Byzantine Empire, as 
well as the architectural designs with their great 
glittering domes. 



8 SUMMING IT OP 

During the reign o( the Barbarian kings in the 
Western Empire they devised many peculiar laws, 
such as a money value on life; for instance, a mur- 
derer haying to pay to the relatives a fixed price in 
order to overcome the shedding o\ more blood through 
the old recognizee! law of the vendetta, 

To strengthen the fighting forces of the king, war- 
chiefs were allowed much land and slaves; and to keep 
up the interest in warfare they were acknowledged 
the real sustaining power. 

Charlemagne, the mighty Barbarian king, whose 
empire consisted o( Prance, Germany, and all of 
Northern Italy, became the protector of the popes, 

who proclaimed him the emperor 01 Rome; thus the 

world power, the alliance of State and Church. 

The counts were made governors in the name of the 
king, their lands exempt from taxation, they often 
using this power to oppress the people called peasants. 
The bishops of the church, being given an equal power 
over the king's subjects with the renins, brought a 
very unsatisfactory situation; but the power of the 
clergy had become so identified with the government 
that it was not to be separated easily. 

Herein we see the precedents that were established 
by the mere palavering of a king, handed down through 
Future generations as the government for the people. 

That great humanitarian seed, "The Golden Rule," 
that Jesus had tried so hard to plant in the hearts of 
men was given little chance to grow. 

That historically great city of Rome, and once the 

palatine home oi the greatest band of outlaws the 
rid ever knew; and saved 10 the Romans by the 
slaughter of three men at the crucial time, was to 
become the great incubator of that murderous greed- 
germ for future generations. 

It was there that the precedent was established of 
the patricians and the plebeians. The Senators and 



SUMMING IT UP 9 

the ricb were the patricians, the common people the 
plebeians. 

Seven hundred years of warfare, skullduggery and 
robbery had brought to them the riches of the world, 
that these patricians might live in splendor while the 
millions of plebeians were reduced to slavery. 

It was not until the fourth century that this nation 
became virtuous enough to acknowledge any religion 
but the worship of imaginary gods. 

The Romans not only had to maintain a large army, 
but a most expensive court as well, which required 
enormous taxes to keep up, and the real producers, or 
plebeians, had to bear the burden. 

The governors levied the tax on the land holders 
every year, and on the trade and industries every five 
years, all of which went into the imperial treasury. 
When the wars were of long duration and of great ex- 
pense, it became necessary to use force to collect this 
augmented tax. Mothers often having to sell their 
children to satisfy the tax collector, some were im- 
prisoned. 

The Emperor fixing the amount that each Curia, or 
Senator, was to pay for his district; and it became an 
obligation of honor to turn in the required amount. 
Thus, the Senators became responsible to the State. 

Freemen finally became unknown, and a system of 
slavery was inaugurated to keep up the citizenship, 
which became royalty. Royalty gradually usurped 
the land; the slaves, or former owners, became ex- 
tinct, and the prisoners of war became the tillers of the 
soil; peasants, kept in servitude by force. 

When the Barbarians of the North descended on 
this former mighty empire, there was not enough re- 
serve force left to repel them. 

When Attila made his invasion in the fifth century, 
it was really the Barbarians that he had to contend 
with instead of the Romans. The empire soon lost all 



10 SUMMING IT UP 

the achievements of its long reign of domination and 
became a semi-civilized country where Vandalism 
ruled. The theaters, schools, and libraries were things 
of the past. The treasures of arts and relics of the 
vanquished collected during its hundreds of years of 
warfare were pillaged by the invaders. 

476 A. D. saw the last of the great emperors. The 
Barbarian kings were now rulers of their individual 
provinces, responsible to no central government. And 
from this individual power of ownership and enforced 
slavery came the overlords, barons and knights; and 
gradually a new form of citizenship prevailed. 

During the eighth century, under the Academic 
plan of instruction as instituted by the bishops, we 
find that Latin assumed a legible form. From this 
factor the language of the different kingdoms was 
established on a scholastic principle. 

The Western part of the old world had now started 
on a new existence; from barbarism to a pedantic 
form of civilization. The people becoming classified 
by the titles of clergy, lords, knights and peasants. 

The men-at-arms became the free men who estab- 
lished an hereditary class. The feudal system was 
now in its glory, and nobility was to perpetuate itself 
at the expense of the peasantry. The law of inheri- 
tance made them powerful from the free land grants 
of their forefathers. 

The clergy grew in wealth and power from their 
alliance with the State and the gifts from the lords 
of the land. 

The peasants could occupy such land as the lords 
conceded for their support; working such portions as 
the lords saw fit to retain for themselves, as payment 
for their sustenance; or, by a tax levied in produce for 
the use of the owners' equipment. 

The lords could levy fines for any misdemeanor, for 
in their jurisdiction their word was law, 



SUMMING IT UP 11 

Knighthood continued the old system of fighting 
for possession of property, and all that was necessary 
was a challenge and war existed between the two 
houses. They made it a business, the successful car- 
ried off the other's property wherever found. This 
order of satisfying greed continued until the fifteenth 
century, and nobility was perpetuated as a thing of 
beauty, honor and gallantry. The oath was sacred, 
and their honor was the safeguard of their dignity. 



The Celts, to whom the English speaking people 
refer, when speaking of their ancestry, succeeded the 
Iberians of Britain. Where the Iberians had been 
scarcely above the savage, the Celts were a blond 
type with red or yellow hair, and far more intelligent. 
They drove back the Iberians into the Western and 
Northern parts of Britain; and at last over the moun- 
tains into Scotland and across the channel into Ire- 
land. They in turn being forced back by another 
migratory class. 

There was still enough of the Celtic blood remaining 
to influence the language of their successors, and the 
Celtic tongue became the universal language of the 
Britons for many years. 

It is presumed that the Celts, as they came down 
from the descendants of Japheth, perpetuated their 
characteristics from less intermarrying with the 
darker tribes of the South. Their characteristics pre- 
dominating the Britons, as a people, for centuries. 
They were first to attain the better forms of civiliza- 
tion. Their high spirited and enterprising natures led 
to mining and trade. They struck coins of gold and 
other metals and eventually established trade with 
other nations. 

With the migration of the Gauls of the North into 
Britain, the threatened predominance of the Latin 



12 ^ SUMMING IT TIP 

races of the South was neutralized, and this mixture 
of ambitious blood supplied the energy for further ad- 
vancement. 

Julius Caesar's invasion was met by courageous op- 
position, but there had sprung up a jealousy between 
the men of the North and the Trinovants of the South, 
so the latter submitted to Caesar, compelling their 
neighbors to do likewise. 

Britain thus became the prey of the Roman octopus. 
The Trinovants, who had promised to remain true to 
Caesar, endeavored to make themselves masters. They 
failed to pay the tributes they had agreed to, however, 
and fugitives from Rome were encouraged to join 
them. 

In 43 A. D. Claudius sent a strong army over and 
established the first Roman colony; and the Britons 
became dominated by them, under their general 
Agricola, in the year 84 A. D. 

He instituted Roman ideas and fashions among the 
people, and Roman rule lasted upward of three hun- 
dred years. A system of military garrisons, manned 
by Romans, assisted in constituting the power. 

The Britons never became wholly Romanized, 
though Christianity was known with them before Con- 
stantine adopted it for the Romans. Some christians 
of Britain had even sacrificed their lives for their 
faith under the persecution of the Roman emperor 
Diocletian, in the third century. 

The christian faith of the Britons grew and mis- 
sionaries were sent to other lands to enlighten the 
people; among them went the famous St. Patrick. 

When the Barbarian kings and tribes of the North 
invaded Rome in the fifth century, they had too much 
to attend to at home, and Britain was left to its own 
ideas of government. 

Many of the people endeavored to maintain the 
Roman form of government, but the old Celtic spirit 



SUMMING IT UP 13 

T ,vas there, still sufficient to prevent it, and caused a 
great split in the nation, which was followed by the 
invaders from the North overrunning the country. 

The Saxons from the North of Germany, and the 
Angles from Holstein North, w T ere the most predom- 
inating forces. They were much less civilized than 
the Britons and regarded the Roman institutions with 
less favor. Their great numbers predominated, how- 
ever, and broke the Roman customs down. 

Where the people had become known as Saxons 
they gradually took on the name of Angles, or Eng- 
lish. All people began to speak the language as 
taken from the Angles and Saxons. 

The old Celtic blood was to perpetuate itself in the 
Welshmen, who possessed nearly all of the Western 
part of England until they became divided. 

The Picts or Celts, who had been first to move back 
before the invaders, held the Eastern part of Scot- 
land, North of the Firth. The other arm of the old 
Celtic tribe continued in Ireland, and the Western 
part of Scotland, North of the Clyde. 

Picts and Scots were gradually fused into one peo- 
ple; Scots became the universal designation of all 
people in Ireland and Scotland. 

While the Celtic people were more christianized, 
and cultured, they were less energetic in building up 
and uniting a people into a government, and suprem- 
acy naturally fell to the Teutonic element of Britain, 
which led to the British Empire. 



With the overthrow of the Roman emperors and 
their retirement to the old Byzantine Empire, the 
popes, who had established themselves so cleverly at 
the time of Charlemagne's invasion, became the power 
in control of Rome. Pope Gregory sent Augustine 
at the head of a large band of monks to establish the 



U SUMMING IT UP 

Eonian Catholic faith in Britain. He endeavored to 
bring all churches under his power, but did not suc- 
ceed until about the year 687. Theodore of Tarsus 
came from Borne, established as the Archbishop of 
Canterbury, and gradually the people were divided 
into parishes with their priests. 

From these learned men of the church came all the 
advanced teachings, and England became the center 
of education for all Western Europe. 



With the invasion by the Danes, the overlordship 
kingdoms were forced into more unity, and Alfred's 
victory over the Danes gave him the first great sepa- 
rate kingdom of England, called the Midland King- 
dom. 

The Danes still occupied and ruled the Northeast- 
ern •portion, as North of the Thames and East of 
Chester; but Alfred soon laid the foundation prin- 
ciples for a single monarchy over all England. 

His was the mind that brought order out of chaos, 
and entitled him to be called "King Alfred the Great." 



The men of the farther North countries, invading 
the lower part of Western France, became known as 
Normans, and their province Normandy; and with 
their invasion of England came another strain of 
sturdy blood to mingle with that of the Celts, Angles, 
Saxons and Danes. 

Continual agitation had prevented the people from 
advancing their educational beginning, and there was 
nothing to be depended upon for income, to speak of, 
but the products of the land. The rude system of 
agriculture barely enabled the poor landfolk to sup- 
port themselves. Many were forced to surrender their 



SUMMING IT UP 15 

lands previously allotted them to the nobles, for pro- 
tection. Men became slaves to money-loaners. 

Lands were gradually usurped by the royalists, from 
the sub-kingdom system that had been inaugurated, 
and earls were placed over the different Shires, or 
districts, until the Norman rulers began the appoint- 
ment of sheriffs. 

Norman castles were built by the nobles every- 
where, after the conquest, on what were the former 
English nobles' estates. The whole country being 
turned over to the knights, or fighting forces, under 
the barons. 

Most of the English became the sub-tenants, losing 
their real identity with their former ideas of freedom. 

The dominating nobles became so arrogant that 
they*even wished to revive the old system of ruling 
their vassals entirely as they chose. 

William the Conqueror, the mighty Norman king, 
not only held the feudal land-barons under control, 
but also the clergy. 

The barons and clergy, however, continued in their 
wealth gathering until after the Black Death of 1349. 
The many deaths having depopulated the country to 
such an extent that labor really became worth some- 
thing. 

The villains, who had been bound under the law 
to the barons, became demonstrative and revolution 
was the order of the day. Disturbances were every- 
where, until under the promise of freedom they laid 
down their arms. The barons sought to continue their 
system wherever possible, but the system finally died 
out. 



When the printing of books was introduced in 1477, 
English people of all classes could indulge in reading 
the works of the writers, and men began to think for 



16 SUMMING IT UP 

themselves. This was the end of the middle ages, 
practically. 

The church of Rome, which had been such a power- 
ful faction in the medieval times, was being consid- 
ered in a different light. The popes were still pos- 
sessed of immense wealth, but it was in advancing the 
new institutions of learning that they were to hold 
their power in the future. 

The great minds of the f ree-thinkers*were eager that 
all should get rid of the sophistry and ignorance of 
their ancestors. Sir Thomas More's Utopia, in 1515, 
was the book that awoke the people to think of what 
they might be. It pictured a commonwealth where all 
could have a plenty, without being drowned in selfish- 
ness and greed for gain; or where the rich were for- 
ever to become richer and the poor poorer. 

In 1517, Martin Luther, the conscience-stricken 
friar of Wittenberg, Saxony, imbued with that prin- 
ciple that makes history, stepped out and opened the 
way for true«enlightenment. 

He advanced the principle that men could not buy 
atonement for past indulgences in sin by payment of 
money to the church. His denunciation of the power 
that had been assumed by the church was vituperous 
enough to keep many from condemning the ways of 
the church. His sacrificing example and zealous 
teaching, however, sufficed to accomplish what his 
timid predecessors had failed to do. 

History had become a panorama, painted with the 
blood of millions; but from this on the Western con- 
tinent was to endeavor to establish higher principles. 
England began to advance rapidly from a state of 
overlordism and peasantry to a nation of scholars and 
industries. The old system of satisfying greed by war, 
robbery, and religious domination, was eventually to 
be succeeded by something more productive and en- 
during. The alliance of Church and State was too well 



SUMMING IT UP 17 

grounded to be separated without a sacrificing of 
more lives, and hundreds paid the price for their 
zeal in the first Queen Mary's time. 

Though a most stubborn and conceited personage, 
Elizabeth, like King Alfred in his time, had the knowl- 
edge to deal with the situation. Discerning the great 
necessity for employment for her people, she accom- 
plished, by probably the cleverest piece of strategy 
the world has ever witnessed, the very elemental 
change that was needed. 

The persecution of the heretics in Antwerp gave 
her the opportunity she wished, and soon she had 
thousands of skilled workers in industrial lines, teach- 
ing her people the art of spinning, weaving, lace mak- 
ing, linen manufacture, steel making and other trade 
secrets. 



Though slavery had existed for centuries by the 
taking of prisoners in war, it was in the sixteenth 
century that the traffic in the negro became another 
means for satisfying the greed-germ. 

John Hawkins, an English seaman, knew the 
Spaniards in newly discovered America were badly in 
need of workers in their mines, and upon their plan- 
tations. 

He fitted out ships, sailed to the Western coast of 
Africa, devised means of capturing the negroes, and 
brought great boat-loads of them to Spanish America, 
where they were sold like so many horses. 

Thus, these descendants of Ham really became the 
servants of men, as Noah had predicted when he 
awoke from his wine nap. 



There can be little doubt but the first great famines 
of Egypt drove many of her people down the Nile, 



18 SUMMING IT UP 

and into the fertile regions of interior Africa, where, 
after generations beneath the tropic sun, and isolated 
from the center of civilization, they became the real 
black men, eventually. 

# * # # 

In the latter years of Elizabeth's reign the system 
of monopoly was inaugurated with all its predatory 
evils. When it had finally reached the poor man's 
loaf of bread, the crafty queen graciously revoked the 
monopolies as a benefit to her people, and to sweeten 
her name in history. 

Elizabeth's reign was also to be marked by the 
great Shakespeare, whose perceptive ability and won- 
derful command of words to express himself set a 
high mark for the world of literature. 

* •» * * 

When Louis the Fourteenth ascended the throne of 
France, he endeavored to satisfy his greed by war. 

He wished, he said, to make his country the greatest 
nation in the world; but he was only joking with his 
people, for what he meant was: the making of himself 
the greatest monarch in the world. 

In the early part of his reign he was successful, but 
in his later days he wasted men's lives as if they were 
merely saplings of the earth, and finally brought his 
people to great distress. 

When Colbert took charge of the finances, he de- 
clared to the king that it was the manufactories and 
trade that increased the material wealth and power 
of a nation; and that the efficiency of its workmen 
meant the acquiring of wealth from other nations. 

He sounded the great truth then for all the world of 
nations. And if his words had been followed to the 
letter France would no doubt have escaped the revo- 
lutions. 



SUMMING IT UP 19 

iWhen the different countries finally settled the 
minds of their people on the industries and trade, they 
began to restore themselves to prosperity. 

The policy of appointing an ambassador to other 
countries was finally adopted, their mission being to 
represent the best interests of their government. As 
much depended upon the manipulation of this func- 
tion, these ministers came to be looked upon as crafty 
plenipotentiaries. 



About the time of the invention of the cannon as 
an element of destruction and a means of obtaining 
power, there was a still greater discovery, and one 
that was to become more powerful. Where the can- 
non could have but one use, the material was to 
revolutionize the whole progress of the world. 

When the nations settled down to industries, this 
material, steel, showed its power. 

The great demand for tools and machinery was now 
to be supplied to all nations, and with this new force 
the industries increased by leaps and bounds. 

That no step was to be gained in the betterment of 
existence without some controversy was now evident. 
That this great material force should pass into the 
control of the capitalists was only to be expected, and 
soon this great revolutionizer began to embroil labor 
and capital. 

The steel-hand could compel men to work for it at 
the wages it wished to pay, and to buy from it at the 
prices it cared to charge, for inventions in tools and 
machinery were so favored that the demand was al- 
ways in advance of the supply. 

While this steel and its products took the place of 
the old implements of destruction, it accomplished 
the results without destroying; its strength lay in 
its impelling and propelling power, 



20 SUMMING IT UP 

Labor could not begin to compete with the fast com- 
ing machines, therefore had to recognize them as 
their master. 

That a spirit of resentment should spring up and 
an organized movement take place against this power 
was quite natural, for it was little less than personal 
greed that seemed to lurk in every new labor-saving 
device. 

Now that capital could reap such large returns from 
these inventions, labor could not understand why it 
should not enjoy a larger share of these benefits in 
the form of wages. 

That was not the policy of the kings of destruction, 
and was not to be the policy of the new kings of pro- 
duction. Labor was to benefit in that proportion that 
came to it from the reduction in taxes and the in- 
crease in the demand for raw materials to be fed the 
machines. 

The potential benefit that labor was to receive was 
to be measured by ability to serve and improve on 
methods. 

Every man who developed any special ability be- 
came the benefactor of not only himself, but his fel- 
lows, for he aided in creating demand. 

To expect that all labor would receive the same 
compensation, as put forth about this time by agita- 
tors, would be as ridiculous as to expect the private 
to receive the same as a captain or general in the 
army. 

If capitalistic ability was to benefit and acquire by 
the saving of labor, so labor expected to benefit and 
acquire by augmenting capitalistic ability, and such 
ideas were propounded at the time. 

Capital being so much more productive as a con- 
crete principle than labor as an abstract principle, 
was the cause of much comment and dissatisfaction 
from then on. Some argued that if men, as Spencer 






SUMMING IT UP 21 

said, were what they were through, their environment, 
they should' have credited labor with developing the 
environments that led to exceptional industrial 
ability. 

A little comparison is only needed to show how 
much the condition of labor was improved from under 
the old kings of wars to under the new kings of in- 
dustries. 

The condition of the English peasantry in the early 
part of the fifteenth century is all sufficient. Living 
in the most unsanitary conditions imaginable, their 
houses seldom better than huts, or thatched burrows 
in the ground, without floors or windows; their food 
the barest necessities of life, without the use of knives, 
forks or spoons. And if the head of the house had 
shoes for his feet he was fortunate, as it were; the 
other members of his family were often compelled to 
be content with covering for their bodies. 

During this same century we note that the Dukes 
of York and Lancaster had their famous war of the 
Red and White Roses. 

The bigotry and violent controversy of the reforma- 
tion retarded learning for a time, but — "Times of 
general calamity and confusion have ever been pro- 
ductive of the greatest minds. The purest ore is 
produced from the hottest furnace, and the brightest 
thunderbolt from the darkest storm." 



In the seventeenth century, virtue and religion was 
to get another set-back, owing to the licentious 
reign of Charles the Second. He died in 1685, and was 
succeeded by his brother, a Roman Catholic, whose 
sole ambition was to bring Great Britain again under 
the power of the pope. 

The people were determined this should not be, and 



22 SUMMING IT UP 

placed his son-in-law, William, Prince of Orange, on 
the throne. 

This was called "the glorious revolution," the cycle 
that caused men to think and write. In the words of 
the Prince of Denmark, in Shakespeare's Hamlet: 
"The time was out of joint." 

The great writers of the time were being read in the 
libraries by all classes; men became keener of per- 
ception daily. Clubs, lodges and societies sprang 
into existence to vie with the church for attention. 

A few centuries had produced wonderful changes in 
the minds of the former Barbarians, and the descend- 
ants of Japheth were seemingly destined to lead the 
world in the line of advancement. 

There was little room now in the minds of men for 
the old sophistries of the mediaeval days. 

Solomon's temple had long ago been robbed of its 
treasures, Jerusalem, the Holy City, had been sacked 1 
and burned. The temples, idols and arts of Alexan- 
dria, Athens and Rome had passed to decay. 



PART SECOND 

NEW WORLD 

Columbus had but time to announce his discovery 
of a new world when Alexander, pope of Rome, de- 
clared all his own. 

He finally decided it would be best to have it in 
hands that could protect it, so he presented one-half 
to the king of Spain, and the other half to the king of 
Portugal. 

The Spaniards immediately took possession of the 
West Indies, built the City of Havana, then hastened 
their journey into the Mexican country where they 
conquered the aborigines. 

While the Atlantic coast was being peopled with 
the European colonists, Spain was exploiting her gift 
(?) from the pope to the limit. 

They informed the Mexicans that their object was 
to christianize them, but what their object really was 
turned out to be their greed for the gold and silver. 
That they made good use of their opportunity was 
evident, for they soon possessed more gold and silver 
than any other nation in Europe. If they wished to 
enslave the minds of those who did not think as they 
did they could do so, for they now possessed the stuff 
that made the world bow down. 



The persecution of the Puritans by King Charles, in 
the seventeenth century, was the turning point for 
real liberty. 

23 



24' SUMMING IT UP 

When that notorious craft, the Mayflower, arrived 
on the coast of New England, it brought to the new 
world a people vastly different in determination than 
the earlier colonists. Their nerves were too well 
tempered to yield, and soon thousands of liberty 
lovers in the mother-country were on their way to the 
land of freedom. 

That they were to be pursued by that old Asiatic- 
born enemy of liberty, greed, was evident when Eng- 
land tried to force the stamp act on them in 1765. 
But the king found them "too 'sot' in their ways." 

The spirit that imbued them was shown at Lexing- 
ton, and again at Bunker Hill ; and after Washington 
had driven the enemy from Boston in 1776, every 
American, protestant or catholic, met on common 
ground. 

When that Declaration of Independence was signed 
on July 4th, 1776, there was a general rejoicing. 

When the revolution was finally over the leaders 
prepared the Constitution. It w r ent into effect in 1789, 
and Washington became the first president; and 
brotherhood and love of country was to make, the 
people of the United States the initiators of real 
liberty. 

From the despotism of the old world they were now 
free. From the old world regime of monarchy, aris- 
tocracy, and* democracy, they were to build a genuine 
republic that would be free from the. evils of either. 
4 'Life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness" was the 
slogan. 

The government was to contain that part of demo- 
cratic principles that expressed itself in the will of 
the people. Freedbm was to represent law and order, 
and equality observance; while the feeling of brother- 
hood was to be second only to love of country. And 
under such animating principle's they endeavored to* 
build their institutions well. 



SUMMING IT UP 25 

The policy was early adopted of neutrality with all 
other countries, and the eagerness in which they de- 
veloped the country's resources and the rapid ac- 
quiring of inventions and industries soon gained them 
an enviable credit. 

That slave buying had crept into existence was 
looked upon by many as a great blot on an otherwise 
noble record. 

The invention of the cotton gin was one of the great- 
est factors in promoting the Southern states, and the 
use of slaves in the cotton fields seemed to be a great 
adjunct to the commercial interests of the country at 
that time. 

The prosperity of the nation was attracting the 
attention and envy of other powers, and when threat- 
ened by French privateers the United States built 
their first navy — thirty-eight vessels. After several 
engagements and taking of several French vessels, 
the fiasco ended in 1800. 

Napoleon was now at the height of his glory, but 
Instead of attempting to add the United States in its 
entirety to his role of achievements, he concluded to 
sell that portion known as the Louisiana Territory to 
them for the approximate sum of $15,000,000. The 
United States had received a title to territory that 
later on was to become thirteen great states. 

Jefferson, the third president, declared himself 
against slavery. He also issued his famous embargo 
act, and trade being cut off from all foreign countries 
put business almost at a standstill. 

Trade with England was resumed in 1809, but lasted 
only a short time when England restricted trade with 
the United States. 

In 1812 the United States declared war with Eng- 
land, owing to the continued privateering and restric- 
tions on their commerce, which lasted until 1815. 
, This war with England had set the United States 



26 SUMMING IT UP 






back in her progress to an incalculable extent. Trade 
was ruined, banks depleted, yet the spirit of the peo- 
ple was such that they would sacrifice anything for 
their independence. 

As in the old world, the calamitous times had 
brought forth many men of great mental calibre, and 
they struggled for supremacy over one another politi- 
cally. 

Peace societies were formed and the great topic was 
how to restore business. With the enormous debt of 
the war and American shipping and Atlantic sea- 
board commerce almost entirely ruined, the banks 
throughout the country, and also the National, sus- 
pending payment, awoke the vital energy of every citi- 
zen in the country, and a revenue on many of the com- 
monest commodities of life had to be collected. 

The great question of tariff vs. free-trade became 
the all important subject after the war with England, 
and after much controversy ended by putting an al- 
most prohibitive tax on imports. 

The establishing of the National Bank with a capital 
of $35,000,000, under a new charter at Philadelphia, 
did much to revive business for a time. 

The opening of vast productive territory in the 
lower Mississippi valley made the slave trade one of 
much mercenary interest; and the question arose as to 
allowing the extension of slavery into the new terri- 
tory. 

In 1819 there were eleven free, and eleven slave 
states. The House of Representatives contended 
against the extension, while the Senate argued for it. 
A battle of votes gave the slave interest one more 
state, Missouri. Throughout all the agitation by the 
political parties over their assumed rights, the prog- 
ress of the country steadily advanced; inventions of 
some kind were of every day occurrence. 

In 1824 the Clay protective tariff bill went into 



SUMMING IT UP 27 

effect and the arguments for and against this measure 
were taken part in by the most brainy men of the 
country. Many contended that the country could and 
would produce that which was on the prohibited list, 
and the tax was but a means of giving the manu- 
facturers the advantage over the people at large. An 
economical struggle has ever since existed. 

In thirty years the United States had doubled in 
population. 

In 1832 there was another great disturbance caused 
by the panic resulting fiom the loose banking laws 
and the issue of wild-cat currency. 

In 1836 the country had more than three thousand 
miles of railroad, and the Patent Office more than 17,- 
000 models and designs. 

The great industrial progress of the country was 
again to get a setback, however, for a panic was on 
that threatened to ruin the majority of business in- 
terests. Hundreds of banks suspended, and failures 
in New York amounted to more than f 100,000,000 in 
fifteen days. 

State banks, with little or no reserve, had been is- 
suing their notes in exchange for public lands. And 
when President Jackson issued orders to all federal 
agents to accept only gold and silver, bank failures 
caused the panic. 

In 1840 the political situation was suddenly changed 
by the Whigs intercepting the Democratic party's 
run of forty years. 

Henry Clay, the Bryan of those days, had failed to 
get the nomination, and it was then remarked that 
he was too good a man to gain the presidency. 

In 1841 the Canadian boundary treaty with Great 
Britain was accomplished. This year also was notable 
for the establishment of the nefarious bankruptcy 
law, enabling debtors to make a clean slate of their 
liabilities at will. For this and other acts on the 



28 SUMMING IT UP 

part of the administration, the debut of the Whigs 
was not considered a glorious one. 

In 1844 iron and copper were discovered in sub- 
stantial quantities in the Upper Peninsula of the 
Great Lakes, 

In 1845 the annexation of Texas increased the area 
of the country to much larger proportions. 

Florida was admitted to the Union, and the bound- 
ary line was settled with England regarding Oregon. 

In 1846 the long expected war with Mexico occurred 
and Mexico was annexed as a territory, and California 
was invaded. 

In 1848 the Mexican war was closed, and the United 
States received a clear title to Arizona, New Mexico, 
and California, for a consideration of f 18,500,000. 

Then came the great movement to California. The 
finding of gold in the new territory had placed the 
people in a state of wild expectancy. Some $40,000,- 
000 in gold had been produced, and the first small, but 
very acceptable, gold dollars were coined. 

In 1853 the United States secured; an additional 
area of 44,000 square miles from the Mexican Govern- 
ment. 

In 1854 the extension of slavery beyond the lines as 
drawn by Mason and Dixon, and previously agreed 
upon, became the great issue in politics. And the 
reconstructed Whig party, called the ^Republican 
party, sprang into existence representing all voters 
who opposed the extension. 

Then came the settlement of the fisheries boundary 
between Great Britain and the United States, and 
the free trade in bread stuffs, lumber, fish and furs; 
and an agreement for arbitration of all differences. 

In 1855 a party known as the American party was 
fully launched, their object being the checking of any 
influence of the pope in national affairs and to main- 
tain the Bible in public schools. Though its strength 



SUMMING IT UP 29 

was upwards of a million and a half voters, it suc- 
cumbed to the Democratic forces which elected 
Buchanan, whose interests inclined toward the South. 

In 1S57 there came another financial panic. And 
the Mormons defied the Government. 

In 1859 crude petroleum gushed from the earth in 
Pennsylvania. 

In 1860 Abraham Lincoln was elected president. 
He contended against the secession of any state in the 
Union, and the South prepared for war. 

The following year Jefferson Davis was chosen 
provisional president by the Southern Confederacy. 

With the attack on Fort Sumter, by the Confederate 
advance, a call was made for men of the North, and 
civil war was the issue. 

In 1863 President Lincoln issued his Emancipation 
Proclamation and slavery had received its death knell. 

In 1865 hostilities were ended, and the United States 
of America looked to tying up the broken bonds of 
brotherhood and entering upon a plane of higher citi- 
zenship. 

The estimated cost of this great civil war, for greed, 
was more than f 8,000,000,000. 

In 1867 Alaska passed into the possession of the 
United States by the payment of $7,200,000 to Russia. 

In 1869 the daring schemes of stock gamblers on' 
Wall Street threatened to disgrace the heads of the 
government. 

Then followed the great railroad strike, which tied 
up all the principal lines and caused a loss of $10,000,- 
000 and many lives. 

Next came the remonetizing of silver — a silver dol- 
lar had been declared by Congress to be worth but 
ninety cents in the year 1873. The remonetizing was 
therefore welcomed as a retribution of the "Crime of 
7o," by the Republicans in particular. 



30 SUMMING IT UP 

In 1883 strikes in the ranks of telegraphers and 
glass blowers occurred. 

In 1894 United States troops were called out to 
protect interstate commerce and move the mail trains, 
owing to the Pullman Car strike; the leaders being 
committed to jail in default of bail. The labor unions 
then raised their first protest against "Government by; 
Injunction." 

Next on the program was the Spanish-American 
war, which though of short duration resulted in the 
United States acquiring both Atlantic and Pacific 
possessions. And with the annexation of Cuba, Porto 
Rico, Island of Guam and the Philippines came the 
necessity of augmenting the navy. 

1900 experienced the labor strike in the anthracite 
mines, nearly ninety thousand miners going out; and 
incidentally showing the relation between capital and 
labor. 



The United States was now conceded the richest 
country in the world. 

The development of the country had been cyclopean. 

The past century was replete with inventive crea- 
tions which had brought the people to wondering how 
far the road of industrial achievements really ex- 
tended. 

The area of the United States domains now lacked 
but one hundred miles of reaching half way around 
the world. 

Her wealth was more than f 80,000,000,000, and far 
in excess of the wealth of any other nation. At the 
beginning of the nineteenth century there was esti- 
mated to be but one in fourteen who professed Chris- 
tianity. Now, more than one-fourth of the people 
were christians. 



SUMMING IT UP 31 

Every third person was either foreign by birth, or 
of foreign parents. 

The former great empires, that her people were ever 
wont to dwell upon in history, were now as pigmies 
in comparison. 



When Thomas Jefferson had signed the Louisiana 
Purchase he declared no more territory would be 
needed for a thousand vears. 



The great question of privilege was becoming more 
important with every rising of the sun. 

Who best could serve and who should acquire most 
were ever answered by talent. 

During the pioneer days every new invention was 
looked upon with pride by most citizens. The oppor- 
tunity for relaxation of the mind was offered on every 
hand, but under the fretful pace of industrial life in 
the twentieth century th^re comes the growing desire 
for an observance of the laws that govern humanism. 

While there existed that individual interest in the 
institutions of the State, citizenship felt the impor- 
tance of its freedom. But now that commercialism has 
finally reached a state of concupiscence there comes 
a desire for some restrictions along certain lines of 
corporation privileging. 

The political regime established by our statesmen 
considers the need of the people solely in the light of 
industrial progress, and the social equality of man has 
been held as a secondary consideration. 

While the equitable distribution of profits has ever 
been acclaimed, it is far from being verified, else it 
would not be found necessary that labor and capital 
should form their combines to defeat each other's 
principles; and the nation would not be now 



32 SUMMING IT UP 

forced to tolerate flagrant injustices to the welfare of 
a republic. 

That we have been the most successful in the world 
under such principles offers no stronger argument 
than that we have outwitted the individual leaders of 
older nations, and at the expense of our natural re- 
sources. 

It can scarcely be claimed that under more rational 
and equable principles we should have failed to main- 
tain our prestige and industrial vitality. 

The resources of our vast country were here to be 
turned into wealth, and that we, as a people of a re- 
public, did not plan to convert more of these resources 
into benefits for the people, as a whole, rather than al- 
low them to be turned into great wealth for a few, 
leaves no argument as to our having a right to have 
done so. 

If the industrial kings had paid all that labor could 
reasonably expect, under the law of supply and de- 
mand, it is not sufficient reason why the enormously 
greater profits should go to those few who, in peace 
or war, are of far less importance to a nation than its 
resources, and still less decisive value to a republic 
than her producing and defensive forces. 

It is the so-called middle class that counts most in 
everything that means stability to the nation. Ask 
trades-people what class they prefer to serve and it 
is invariably the same answer, If a majority of the 
people were as exacting as to styles, and money-value 
return, as the wealthy class generally are, seventy-five 
per cent, of the trades-people would be in bankruptcy 
in a few years. 

Thus, we must acknowledge that those who have 
enjoyed the greatest privileges in the trade and com- 
merce of the nation are those who return the least 
to it. 

The false social plan that has maintained from the 



SUMMING IT UE 33 

beginning has established nian's subjugation to un- 
reasonable laws of privilege, and no political body 
has yet had the courage and stamina to tear down 
the fortifications of such unreasonable laws. 

While greed, graft, and social supremacy shall be 
the pow r er that elects our- representative men, no 
change of any real importance can be expected. 

Our physical energy has been our glory; our social 
organization our show of weakness. 

Who shall say our physical energies and accom- 
plishments would not have reached even greater im- 
petus if the first prizes had not been, through special 
privileges, so large, and the others rounded out to 
better proportions? 

Many of our industry builders have been men who 
desired to play fair, but when once in the meshes of 
the crafty promoters they lost their altruistic identity. 

When business in a republic does not depend on in- 
dividual endeavor, and salesmanship is supplanted by 
monopolistic force, we have little more to recommend 
our business principles than the world-renowned 
Monte Carlo. 

If combined energy shall build up a gigantic mon- 
opoly capitalized at $300,000,000 from a few small in- 
stitutions worth possibly f 400,000, who has paid the 
profits, that are stolen from this system of watering, 
years in advance of its legitimate earning capacity, 
but the public? And who has suffered more than the 
small dealers who have had their capital wiped out by 
this mammoth of greed? 

And what is more humiliating to the people who 
have suffered than to hear the name of one of these pro- 
moters of misery mentioned for the presidency be- 
cause he had proved himself so capable? 

Many of our lauded business-builders have obtained 
large advertising credit through some agency and 
have practically forced some so-called health-food, bis- 



34 SUMMING IT UP 

cuit, or medicinal dope down the throats of the popu- 
lace. When this has been accomplished and their 
wealth is flaunted, the wonderful achievement is 
pointed to by some as great business ability, These 
great industrial wonder workers (?) will then, in their 
moments of exaggerated ego, preach to the world 
against the right to organize labor, like: "The dog that 
bites the hand of him who feeds it." 

These kings of finance, as they are termed, are 
ever pointed out to the young men of the present gen- 
eration as proofs of the greater opportunities that lie 
before them. 

Arguments for social reforms have been met with 
the same tenacity as evidenced in the gamblers for 
a "wide open town." Sacrificing a few false prin- 
ciples for the truer principles of existence is looked 
upon as a serious matter by that element that ever 
holds to the maxim, "Dig up the other dog's bone if 
you can." 

The strength and economic advantages of associa- 
tion, as early advanced, has been used to excellent ad- 
vantage by the promoters of the trusts. They cut 
across lots, as it were, and established themselves 
while the field was virgin green. 

Concert of action was all that was necessary, and 
concert of action is all that is necessary to replace 
these false patriots and install more honorable pre- 
cepts. 

No nation can disguise for all time its true social 
organism through pretended political liberty and 
equality. As water finds its level, so shall govern- 
ments which demand social servitude. 

Alternating prosperity and depression in business 
has been breeding contempt. The mad rush for 
wealth has been riding over all other ambitions and 
will sooner or later have to change to a saner and 
more conservative procedure. 



SUMMING IT UP 35 

To continue to hold our own in the markets of the 
world, with our surpluses, will require the application 
of more capable and conscientious minds than were 
behind the formation of the trusts. 

Manufacturers have ever glutted the export markets 
at cheaper prices than home consumers were allowed. 

The whole fabric of corporate industries has been 
indulging in high-handed policies to kill off competi- 
tion in other countries, while the citizens at home paid 
them a double profit to keep up the dividends. 

The old world centers are becoming so populated 
that they are fast waking up to the necessity of look- 
ing to their home manufacturing and thereby keeping 
their money at home for the benefit of their own peo- 
ple, if possible. 

And when these foreign countries have constructed 
their import duties on our American products, the 
United States manufacturers will be sure to feel the 
blow; and many products will suffer a shrinkage in 
value. So to the Pacific, rather than the Atlantic ex- 
port markets must the United States look for its 
future increase in foreign trade. 

The home consumption, which is demanding more 
each year of the breadstuff s ? will eventually preclude 
much exporting. 

The cotton crop, of w T hich seventy-five per cent, has 
been exported in the raw state, w r ill possibly continue 
to have an open market for a few years to come. But 
as much of this Southern soil is becoming stale for 
the raising of cotton, the output will necessarily in- 
crease slowly. 

The minerals w r ill not be likely to keep up their pace 
indefinitely, for there are many producers in the Lake 
Superior district that are now showing evidence of 
their limits. 

From all appearances we will soon be importing 
twool, rather than exporting any. 



38 SUMMING IT UP 

The exports of meats will certainly not increase. 

The tobacco crop will be least apt of all to suffer, 
the exports now being about one-half the crop. 

The time to squeeze the water out of the inflated 
industrials is NOW. 

The old protective tariff will not always prove so 
efficacious in holding up prices for the manufacturers. 

The political parties' platforms in the future will 
have to contain something more consolatory to the 
commonweal than the hash heesh over that "Dread- 
nought." 

The day of hypothesis in politics is fast drawing to 
its close. 

Political parties have ever tried to appeal to the 
fiscal forces as a means for continuing their domina- 
tion, as the history of campaign funds has proven. 

Commercial progress is most essential to all, but 
can and should be accomplished without the bonding 
of our future possibilities. 

The watered stock of our industrials shows how the 
stability of the nation has been sacrificed for the 
benefit of fiscal greed. 

The trusts have had things their own way for many 
years, while the political spell-binders have been pro- 
ducing such a pleasing quality of oratory, in which it 
was only necessary to refer, in an assuring manner, 
to the past achievements, to satisfy the heart-throbs 
of the voters. 

Now that the trusts and combines have usurped 
the larger portion of the industries and resources, 
the people have begun to wonder if the "Act to pro- 
tect Trade and Commerce against the unlawful re- 
straint of Monopolies" which was passed in 1890, fol- 
lowed by the ultra-tariff, had anything to do with the 
panics the nation has been obliged to suffer twice 
since. 

The industrial workers have been imposed upon so 



SUMMING IT UP 37 

frequently through false promises of congressmen, 
and legislators, they have become skeptical of every- 
thing, generally, in political statements. And have 
acquired the habit of scanning the papers for Washing- 
ton news until they can almost scent some danger in 
advance, though it may be nothing more than a pre- 
lude to a modification. 

Many of the leading word-pictures have claimed 
that the times are only good when everything is high 
in price. If we go back and catechise the years of 
steady increase in the price of necessities of life, it 
will be hard to dispute this statement; unless we go 
still a little deeper and give higher education a 
thought, and then we come to the conclusion that 
prices have been keeping pace with educational ad- 
vancement. And the ones who have reaped the most 
benefit are those whose industries have enjoyed the 
protection of the high-tariff. 

The amalgamating of the constituent companies of 
the steel corporation held less in common to com- 
plain of than scores of smaller institutions. The 
Standard Oil Company which preceded it, could force 
competition out of business and dictate to the trade 
with impunity. And its thirty year battle to clean 
up the small dealers is the more noticeable because of 
the personality of its general, who claims himself a 
Steward of God; and who may believe in his own mind 
that this Stewardship is as far as his relations with 
the Divine Being shall ever extend. Yet, like many 
of the monarchs of the old world, his knowledge of the 
potency of Divine reference has led him to attempt to 
encompass the Standard's principles in a Halo of 
Christian Endeavor. 

The several State laws had presumed to protect the 
interests of its citizens against such institutions of 
privilege grabbing. But the corporation's lawyers, 
however, could always discover some place to lead 



33 SUMMING IT UP 

them through where the public pasture had not been 
protected. 

For a most clever bit of sarcasm we must take off 
our hats to the general of the Standard again, for 
in his autobiography he says: "The best philanthropy 
is constantly in search of the finalities — a search for 
cause, an attempt to cure evils at their source." 

The many corporations that have come into the field 
like "sly and creepy things," such as National Biscuit 
Company for example, and maintaining "fighting fac- 
tories" under other names, have been little less poign- 
ant. They have injured no less of the nation's 
smaller business citizens than the larger octopuses. 

The people to-day are at the mercy of meat, bis- 
cuit, milk, bread and produce combines, until they 
feel like crying out in the words of Tennyson: "How 
long, O God, shall men be ridden down and trampled 
under by the last and least of men?" 

There are not a few who have taken it upon them 
to defend these institutions of greed as being a nat- 
ural and healthy product of American industrial 
ability. 

The old Asiatic-germ has always had plenty of de- 
fenders. But when this germ becomes a component 
part of each meal that one eats, it is not relished with 
a zest by the commoners. 

Industrial progress has established a plain fact, 
that is: if the rights of capitalists is unrestricted 
method of acquisition, and "'pursuit of happiness" is 
the glorious evening of each winning day, then life- 
may be compared to a dishonestly run race track, 
where pooling of interests shall always enable a few 
to corral the majority of purses. 

The gambling element of the race track demanded a 
system of handicapping that would serve to equalize, 
to at least some degree, the advantages of the few. 

4 With the handicap system reversed, as applied to 




SUMMING IT UP 39 

man, in the race of "Life, liberty and the pursuit of 
happiness/' there is much reason for reflection; if 
one stops to note that a coterie of less than fifty men 
have succeeded in abstracting from the resources and 
producers of the United States 13,500,000,000, or 
$2,000,000 more than the general stock of money for 
the entire nation, for a whole year. 

Our eyes are holden that we cannot see things that 
stare us in the face, until the hour arrives when the 
mind is ripened — then we behold them, and the time 
when we saw them not is like a dream. — Emerson. 



PART THIRD 

PRINCIPLES AND PRECEDENTS 

The laws concerning the civil rights, duties and 
responsibilities, and comprising the essential dictum 
of the Constitution, are those known principally as 
Lex Non Scripta (the common law), and devised in the 
kingdoms and empires of the old world. 

These laws as applied in the different states have 
been amended and added to, from time to time, until 
they have become the embodiment of abnormalism. 
A striving for added dignity, as evidenced in their 
technical terms, has robbed them of all semblance of 
simplicity. 

What should be more easily understood than the 
laws governing a republic? The admirable attempt 
of the fathers of the country at simplicity has been 
drowned in latter-day prerogatives. 

a Let us consider the reason of the case, for nothing 
is law that is not reason." 

The most unreasonable conception of the law is that 
which decides that ignorance of the law shall not ex- 
cuse one from being amenable while they are being 
loaded down from day to day with complexities, until 
they are as foreign language to those intended should 
understand them. 

Legislature enactments, and local ordinances, would 
tax the brain capacity of a super-man with their pro- 
digious superfluities. 

What is justice in law but equality observance? If 

40 






SUMMING IT UP 41 

that is the purport then all should have the equal 
right to understand it. 

There are those who contend that it would be im- 
possible to have laws simplified in a republic passing 
through such phenomenal changes. But these same 
individuals could the more easily tell one how closely 
Gain's wife was related to him, before espousal, than 
explain some of the many inconsistencies in our gov- 
erning edicts. 

One of the most flagrant discriminations of all our 
laws is that which has established a money value on 
crime, thereby allowing the wealthy offenders to es- 
cape with mere fines, while the poor law breaker is 
doomed to a prison cell. 

"Plate sin with gold and the strong iance of Justice, 
hurtless, breaks." 

The disfranchisement of nearly half the population, 
by sex discrimination, though equally amenable to 
full taxation. 

The law that declares marriage a legal contract 
only, yet denies it the right to be treated as such, 
though still ignoring its Divine Conception. 

The decision that establishes all men as innocent 
until proven guilty, yet allows a citizen to be arrested 
at will by officers, confined in a cell, refused counsel, 
passed through the "sweating system," and every 
gesture in their humiliating condition presented to 
the court at their hearing, as evidence for holding to 
trial. 

The ingenuity of the police generally giving them 
the stigma of a criminal, even if they be fortunate 
enough to prove their own innocence. 

The contumely of the law on conviction that im- 
prisons a man under circumstantial evidence for 
thirty-two years, on a charge of murder, and finally 
when a death-bed confession of the guilty man proves 
the convict's innocence, he is turned out in the world 



42 SUMMING IT UP 

with a suit of "prison-mades" and barely enough 
money to take him to his old and neglected mother, 
whose dim eyes from nights of weeping light up to 
greet her gray-haired son ere death shall cheat her 
of the pleasure. 

These and many other conditions of applied law in 
the several states do not appear to have complied with 
the tenets of the Constitution. 

The corrective institutions are often conducted by 
men whose positions depend upon their party affilia- 
tions; and these officers are often those who have no 
greater conception of human nature than that ob- 
served in these reformatories. They look at all as 
being bad men, else they would not be there. Physical 
mistakes are considered as self-acquired faults, and 
men who are looked upon as below a certain moral 
standard are left to work out their own reformation. 

Officers not infrequently show their personal dis- 
like, and even disregard to duty, in different ways. 
Such, for instance, as reporting a convict for talking 
to another inmate who might be working at the same 
bench. An officer called a convict to his desk and 
made out his report against him for talking. This 
meant the loss of five days' good time. The man, who 
had endeavored to save all the good time possible, 
stoutly denied the charge, but it was of no avail, the 
officer replying: "Well, I'll report you anyway. If you 
were not talkin' to-day you were some other day." 
This might be a suggestion why men confined for 
crimes against society are not more often reformed. 

If the standard of principles exhibited by the offi- 
cers are not of the highest, it is little better teaching 
than that afforded them in their outside associations. 
And no hope for betterment of conditions in restoring 
men to usefulness will be possible until party politics 
shall be a thing of the past with these institutions, 
and a civil service reform measure take place. 



SUMMING" IT UP 43 

The political system, with its pulls and graft, has 
educated many to believe that it was merely a mat- 
ter of "getting away with it," that distinguished one 
from the other, and a dishonest policy was the one 
and only way to obtain money and friends. 

Graft has been everywhere, seemingly, and when 
the systems of police protection in many of our cities 
are investigated, they are found to be about every- 
thing that the people intended they should not be. 

From the very hour that legalized prostitution was 
permitted, in one of our western cities, one of the 
greatest systems of graft has existed; and because 
the public officials have declared for it, hundreds of 
our cities have disgraced their people, and mocked 
God, by allowing it, 

Fully 10,000 unfortunate girls are sacrificed every 
year to replenish the ranks of this misdirected army; 
to aid this legalized system of murderous greed. 

We are reaping that which we have sown, an ever 
augmented army of criminals, while these evils con- 
tinue to increase man's contempt for man. 

Crime is an attraction, more or less, as it is nour- 
ished or defeated by social conditions. It is only 
social depravity in a nation that makes men and 
women vicious. 

A great concourse of people are raised collectively 
to a sublime passion by principles that appeal to their 
souls. But the false promises and fallacious principles 
ever segregating them from their natural rights, has 
often led them into the valley of despair, where hatred 
strangled their noble passions. 

While the spoliation of the general public by Wall 
Street gamblers goes on, private banks receive treas- 
ury funds without interest. 

The millions of savings-bank depositors are poorly 
protected, the people's savings are loaned outside the 



44 SUMMING IT UP 

communities, and often on Wall Street securities 
represented by watered stock. 

The working classes have been swindled out of mil- 
lions by worthless mining companies and other 
schemes, chartered with no other intent. Their plead- 
ing advertisements being inserted in the leading news- 
papers and magazines. As this order of robbery has 
continued for years it has not furnished enviable en- 
comiums for the people's representatives. 

Other countries demand a per cent, of the output of 
mineral lands, but the United States Government has 
been content with the good will of the miners, while 
more than f 160,000,000 in gold is taken out in a single 
year. 

While the cottage is often taxed properly, the man- 
sion seldom pays its right proportion. Who ever 
heard of an assessor being questioned as to honesty? 

A conservative income tax has not been deemed 
just by the representatives. 

No limit has been placed on real property or wealth 
bequeathed to beneficiaries, it being considered suffi- 
cient evidence of good intent on the part of deceased 
if will be made out properly. 

No limit has been placed upon appropriations by 
Congress for a single session, so Congress creates a 
deficit of more than |60,000,000. Internal revenue, 
like watered stock, is to do the equalizing. 

To maintain the dignity of the Speaker of the House 
of Representatives, he has been allowed a dominating 
power akin to absolutism, while his faculty for repar- 
tee has been considered a needed qualification. 

The publication of campaign funds has not been 
held in favor, lest it show the election of a man to the 
highest position in the nation depended upon a battle 
— not of red and white roses — but of dollars. 

Then we are treated to the novelty of seeing one 
self-esteemed and wealthy aspirant of this great office 



SUMMING IT UP 45 

eulogizing himself in a biography that cost him a 
small fortune to circulate. It was a long time be- 
tween our Washington and our Lincoln. He wished to 
be the third. 

In every state are men elected to seats in legisla- 
tures with no legal knowledge or adaptability for con- 
struction of laws. If there are eleven to be voted for, 
and none of them known to the voter, it would be 
partiality not to vote for all of them. 

The judges in many instances reach their positions 
through political pulls and partisan politics, which 
handicap the men of high consciousness, and keep 
many with exceptional ability from aspiring to the 
bench. 

The most honorable positions in the State, or Na- 
tional Government, go often to men who have in- 
herited great wealth, and must be recompensed for 
generous contributions to party welfare. 

The Senatorial body is a notable instance of per- 
petuating old-world lordism, and so long as each state, 
regardless of population, shall have the privilege of 
sending its two beneficiaries, the direct vote of the 
people shall be ignored, and the best interests of the 
majority will be often subverted by the minority. The 
direct vote is the only safe-guard of a republic. 

The appointment for life to any office in a republic 
is but another hypothesis of superior mind endow- 
ment, and another monarchial principle. 

The people of the United States have ever been 
emotional in idealizing their worthy presidents, 
judges and other officials, and it is not pleasing to 
acknowledge fallacies in the laws or established prec- 
edents. The time is near at hand, however, when the 
"Government of the people, by the people, and for the 
people" shall be all that term implies. 

Fictitious laws; "Spun-glass technicalities;" long 
expensive trials, necessitating appealing before judg- 



4R SUMMING IT UP 

ments are of any value; unconstitutional fulminationB 
by unqualified legislators; incarceration without cause 
of action; and the farcical jury system, are all feat- 
ures unhealthy to a republic. 

It is because of the technical machinations of the 
laws that their intended purport is so frequently vio- 
lated, and the will of the people is not subserved. 

Those wishing to rob the people of justice feel 
secure behind the breastworks of a legal advisory 
board. 

Small monied interests have been forced out of ex- 
istence without a privilege to even capitulate. 

Capitalism having enjoyed all the protection, to- 
gether with the advantages of accumulative wealth 
in controlling industries, trade, and the securities, 
has well nigh reached a state of despotism, whose 
natural sequence shall be dictatorial. 

Private capital, or holdings, have reached unnatural 
proportions, and corporate wealth and its control of 
the necessities has reached dangerous proportions — 
dangerous to the welfare of a libertj'-loving nation. 

Combined wealth, with its sweeping accumulative 
power can mean nothing better, if not restricted, than 
a nation of dependents to it. 

Throughout the last decade the laboring classes 
have, when steadily employed, been able to meet the 
forty per cent, advance in the cost of living and keep 
out of debt. 

The problem of the future is: will they be content 
with just this? 

The irregular periods of enforced idleness for the 
many, due largely to the Wall Street manipulators, 
and political buncombe, does not tend to convince the 
great majority of industrial workers that they are 
given a "square deal." 

The wealth of private interests having increased so 
significantly in the last quarter of a century, the 



SUMMING IT UP 47 

country in all things having become so modernized, 
the industrial classes are looking for some modern- 
izing of the laws that govern compensation and equal- 
ity rights. 

Men of moderate means have scant chances of en- 
gaging in business for themselves. The day of credit 
on reputation for honesty having become a thing of 
the past, practically. Rents must be paid in advance 
and leases secured; and a general "show me" air per- 
vades everything pertaining to commercialism; while 
the convention system for arranging prices by the 
manufacturers and jobbers leaves the strenuous com- 
petition problem to the retailer. 

It is no hard problem to figure the advantage that 
has enabled capitalism in the United States to attain 
its great magnitude. The pioneer law-makers were 
the principal factors in keeping the road to opulency 
clear. They established laws that were destined to 
make men submissive to the masters, and the relation 
of slaves to their owners did much to influence the 
minds of legislators regarding servitude, and as fast 
as immigration came they found the laws ready for 
them. 

Laborers have been paid w 7 hat the master-mind saw 
fit to pay; and as this pay has enabled the laborers 
to support their families they have looked to the in- 
spiration of freedom and future benefits as reason for 
contentment. 

As labor was alw r ays plentiful, owing to the influx 
from other countries, there was no time when labor 
could dictate to capital. It has always been vice 
versa. Capitalists became arrogant if not fully pro- 
tected; they demanded the injunction, protective tariff 
revision, and any other measure they deemed neces- 
sary. And they generally got what they wanted; and 
every four years they were promised something for 
good measure. The source of campaign funds had to 



48 SUMMING IT UP 

be nourished. It was the policy that become impera- 
tive. 

To be a statesman in early days with its pecuniary 
advantages, and social distinction, was about the 
Kadesh-Barnea of man's existence. 

Capitalism and Statesmanship went hand in hand 
to glorious realms, w T hile the wage-earners were shown 
the advantage of good citizenship. Thus they had 
it, "Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." 

Government, it is said, can only be obdurate when 
the people permit it to become so; so the government 
was always good — good for the capitalists — good for 
the politicians — and good for the wage-earners if they 
developed exceptional inventive genius. 

The capitalists and politicians early conceded them- 
selves the real important factors. So they decided 
upon "The full dinner-pail" as about the right portion 
of the spoils of the republic for the laboring man. 

"The full dinner-pail" was finally adopted as a 
party slogan some years back, and its potency for 
saving campaign funds became so prophetic that it is 
still in use. And as a saver of time and money it has 
probably been equaled only by the inventions for ob- 
taining by-products from crude petroleum. 



After participating in "good citizenship" so long the 
industrial classes are now seriously thinking of en- 
deavoring to get a step farther. 

They claim they have been rather patient consider- 
ing the fact that living expenses have been increasing 
in advance of wages from year to year. They are not 
fully decided on just what procedure to take, there 
being so many advisers. They are loth to disturb the 
natural progress of the nation. They also remember 
the words spoken on a memorable occasion by a man 
whose memory they greatly revere. His name was 



SUMMING IT UP 49 

Abraham Lincoln, and what he said at that vital mo- 
ment, when all the nation listened, was this: "We are 
not enemies, but friends! We must not be enemies!' 1 ' 



If industrial acquired capital, depending on the ab- 
normal needs of the people now for its greater wealth, 
shall invest its surplus capital in extensive land hold- 
ings, what the result shall be, eventually, can only 
be predicted by much serious thought. 

It is only necessary to make some inquiries to learn 
that this is the inevitable plan of the future. 

A land company informs prospective buyers that 
the great body of land adjoining that which they are 
selling in small farms belongs to one of the highest 
officials of the nation. And another capitalist con- 
trols |20,000,000 worth of land in California. 

The fiscal forces of a nation not only look to its 
immediate requirements, but is generally discovered 
fortifying its posterity by acquiring as much of the 
future vital necessities as possible. And as was long 
ago predicted, capital will again attempt to control 
the land and products, every move made by the lead- 
ing wing of capitalism being closely followed by the 
others. So millions of acres each year are being ac- 
quired by capitalists, and it is not the poor land, but 
the best timber and productive lands, 

If capitalism shall fully inaugurate this system for 
perpetuating their wealth, the capitalists will not only 
control the future transportation and industrial field, 
but the products of the soil as well. 

Through the watering and manipulating of the in- 
dustrial securities the great monied interests are en- 
abled to control the future situation almost as they 
will. And if this vast borrowed capital with its ac- 
cumulative power cannot be brought into the legiti- 
mate channels of trade, the nation's surpluses will 



50 SUMMING IT UE 

have to be great indeed to remain independent of cap- 
italistic control. 

That body of citizens who like to term themselves 
the conservative element, and allude to reformers as 
"destructive philosophers/' will always contend that 
the plans of compensation and privileging are as they 
should be. 

These patriots (?), however, are most generally 
those who suffer least during the panics. They are, 
in fact, most often those who are responsible for them. 
Bankers, giving little security for the people's money; 
stock manipulators and gamblers; and the trust mag- 
nates and their satellites, are quite sure that the laws 
have been equable. 

That a cataclysm of objections would be thrown 
at the policy of combinations of capital was but nat- 
ural — the fear of the power of money in the hands of 
a few has existed since industrialism succeeded mili- 
tarism as a ruler of man's earthly existence. 

The country has been so startled with the phenom- 
enal productions within recent years, that the men 
who think sometimes wonder what will become event- 
ually of the country's natural resources. 

In May, 1908, we find the President calling together 
for a conference men from the several states who 
will possibly be able to offer some suggestions for a 
definite plan to husband at least a portion of the re- 
sources for the future benefit of the nation. 

Figuring the enormous output in all minerals and 
timbers in the past forty years, and calculating on a 
doubling of the population in the next two decades, 
it becomes a subject of serious thought. 

The fiscal laws that govern a nation are not un- 
like the principles that govern man. If we draw 
ahead on vital elements, in after years we must be 
content to do without them* 



SUMMING IT UP 51 

That a few sane restrictions might be used, as in the 
fish and game laws, would seem to suggest itself. 

It is not pleasant to see the old Asiatic-germ as- 
suming the proportion of a capitalistic mammoth, for 
all time, and gorging itself on mammon with no re- 
spect for future generations. Nor do we wish to see 
our country in the throes of financial indigestion every 
septennial year, while those who hold» the keys turn 
the locks on their strong-boxes, and betake themselves 
to some tropical elysium, or hobnob with some 
crowned head of Europe, while the commoners re- 
main at home, getting what pleasure of existence they 
can between their convulsions. 



While men were illiterate, generally, they sub- 
mitted to mastery as a natural order of destiny, as 
if those in authority had inherited their power from 
a Divine source. Four centuries of schooling, in* the 
rights of man to man, however, has brought the pro- 
ductive forces to a realization of their immortal 
rights. 

"Law and equity are two things which God hath 
joined but which man hath put asunder." 

That labor represents nothing more than raw ma- 
terial, and should be paid for on the same basis, ac- 
cording to supply and demand, has been held by many 
as a logical theory. Raw T material cannot meet a 
steady increase in cost of living, as labor must, owing 
to the exaggerated value of directive ability. And 
the time has arrived when this antagonistic reason- 
ing should give way to some more sane demonstration 
of man's humanity to man. 

To look for radical reforms at once would be seem- 
ingly presumptuous, but a demand for legislative and 
administrative reforms is quite the order of the day. 

The wretched condition of so large a part of the 



52 SUMMING IT UP 

people in the cities, and the extreme suffering they 
must submit to during every business panic, should be 
incentive enough for all conscientious men to stand up 
for a betterment of conditions. 

If the calibre of the defensive forces— the men who 
could be called upon in a time of need — had not been 
counted on, the possibilities of establishing this re- 
public would have been too remote for undertaking. 
And the maintaining of the republic, and its posi- 
tion as a power, has depended upon this force since 
the memorable days of 1770, when their shoeless feet 
left trails of blood upon the frozen snow. 

Now, after more than a century and a quarter has 
elapsed, it does not appear unreasonable if the com- 
moners demand more equable principles than those 
that would hold them in the light of raw material, 
commercially. 

No people on earth are more entitled to the highest 
plan of social existence, and an equable profit sharing 
system, than the people of the United States, and 
they shall not cease in their contentions for that 
which is their overdue inheritage. 

All that has ever been produced from the soil, the 
mines, or the industries, has, of a certainty, repre- 
sented the sweat of their brows; and directive ability 
has multiplied this force, and by strategic moves in 
the placing of commercial values has forced the value 
of directive ability so far in advance of the value of 
labor that labor has been obliged to produce more 
than its right proportion to support the overpaid so- 
called master-mind. 

If this is right logic then the railroads, or carriers, 
whoever they might be, should also be allowed to set 
their price. If they carry products from a point where 
they are not in demand, to a market where they are 
salable, they are performing services similar to that 




SUMMING IT UP 53 

which directive ability has ever claimed to have doue 
for labor. 

The cost of transportation has been getting cheaper 
with the settling of the country, and systematized 
handling, and all trades-people are clamoring for a 
lowering of rates. The directly opposite has taken 
place concerning directive ability, owing to the de- 
mands of the social plan for abnormal possessions 
and display. To maintain this extravagant display 
someone must be cheated 1 — who shall it be? Labor, 
as always! 

The more abnormal the demands of society become, 
the more must labor be filched. The only way that 
labor can provide for maintenance, to the end, is to 
resign itself to a lowly existence and practice economy 
in all things, in the midst of plenty. And herein lies 
the obnoxious principle of our social and profit- 
sharing regime. 

If labor was not the most necessary adjunct to the 
life of a nation, then it might be right to place a mini- 
mum valuation on it. But so long as association is 
practiced by, and the body politic directed by the non- 
productive element, this right will be assumed as the 
Leges Legum. 

The epoch in civilization where the productive 
forces are becoming too well educated on the prin- 
ciples of money getting to admit of such a variance in 
the social conditions is fast approaching. 

So long as the capitalistic class shall demand a 
social plan that will enable their wealth to do so much 
more than labor's share can — inasmuch as they de- 
mand that it provide them with all the luxuries, and 
exaggerated social importance as well — they should 
not seek to relieve their misguided consciences by 
establishing libraries and educational institutions, for 
higher education cannot admit of such fallacies. The 



54 SUMMING IT UP 



study of the philosophy of social existence does not 
teach one to submit to abnormal conditions. 

When a government is unable to reconstruct its 
laws of taxation and privileging of trade, and capital 
combined can control the banks and the mediums of 
exchange, the people shall not enjoy the true prin- 
ciples of a republic, though it be designated by that 
term. 

The efforts of some of the people's representatives 
to introduce measures for just reforms of some pred- 
atory precedents, only to be met with opposition by 
the Speaker and Senate, on the ground of Constitu- 
tional defense of established precedents, shows how 
little has been accomplished, through the ballot, by 
the wage-earner for his betterment under such auto- 
cratic power. 

The cost of commodities must be placed on a legiti- 
mate valuation. The process of production it is 
claimed is not complete until selling cost and trans- 
portation is added. It may be considered that it must 
represent directive ability also, which must be placed 
at a. much higher consideration than the mere match- 
ing of hours. So to get at the legitimate value it 
must come through the application of laws regulating 
income, as laws regulating usury were established; 
but which of course are everywhere violated. 



Government has been unreasonably defined as a 
necessary evil. 

"All government, all exercise of power, no matter in 
what form, which is not based on love and directed 
by knowledge, is a tyranny." 

When a government shall constitute a love for the 
commonweal, and represent a knowledge of true prin- 
ciples of equity, it can become as welcome as the 
father to his family. 






SUMMING IT UP 55 

When a foreigner remarked that, "The people of 
the United States are sometimes a family and some- 
times not a family," what could he have meant? 

Has he concluded that the political leaders have 
broken faith with the people to such an extent in the 
past, and the nation is becoming so cosmopolitan, 
that the existing* principles shall not tend to hold its 
people together as a patriotic family? 

May his characterizing prove to be but an idiom. 



When precedents from which political authority 
takes its power have become derogatory to the wel- 
fare of the people, it is their duty to supplant the 
fundamental errors by that which shall perfect the in- 
terests of their union, and the executive and judicial 
departments should maintain as clearing houses 
where the methods of adjustment of profits and equa- 
ble rights should be beyond questioning. 

"Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a prey, 
Where wealth accumulates, and men decay." 



PART FOURTH 

SOCIAL AND MORAL ENERGY 

Industrial progress has not been in advance of so- 
cial requirements, and social supremacy must be rec- 
ognized, and in the same old way, by extravagant dis- 
play ; while the adage, "Money procures everything," so 
established that the paralogy: "Get it honestly if you 
can — but get it," has become a principle with many. 

While the industrial kings are hurrying to hand 
down their autobiographies for their grandchildren 
to gloat over, the wage-earners are struggling with 
the difficult problem of how to keep up the appear- 
ance of their homes and families in keeping with the 
exaggerated ideas of social recognition. The children 
must have more costly shoes and raiment to overcome 
class distinction, while the buying of a home has be- 
come more difficult in the cities, where the tendency 
is to advance prices to the limit. 

The hope of righteous laws and more equable exist- 
ence has ever been the beacon-light, but owing to the 
mad mercenary spirit, generated by the necessity for 
social display, we are prevented from enjoying the 
cosmos as individually desired. 

Commercialism has finally brought us to a high-noo 
of achievements, where — like the lily from the ooze, 
on reaching the surface, we find ourselves anchored 
in a stream of continual agitation. 

Social evolution has been held as the great dynamic 
force that would force out the finer qualities of the 

56 



„ 



SUMMING IT UP 57 

human mind and, finally, perfect the social conditions 
of mankind and establish a fair distribution of the 
good things of life. Instead, the good things have in- 
creased steadily in advance of the wage earners' 
salary. So while the field of individual effort has 
been broadened, labor must stand the waste of so- 
ciety's follies, and be content to be dazzled by the 
splendors of the rich. 

With the great modernizing of all things pertain- 
ing to convenience, society has also modernized its 
structure to a state of inbred contempt for that which 
pertains to simplicity, and social peace and harmony 
of interests is not known as planned by the fathers 
of the country. 

We established patriotism first, then placed the 
state above the man, and finally, selfish aristocracy 
above all; and struggle on through a sandstorm of 
complex problems while old nature, as ever, is teach- 
ing simplicity and optimism. 

Instead of becoming happier and more brotherly, 
selfishness and ostentation confront us at every 
angle. 

The homes of the rich are ever burdened with anx- 
ieties; the demand for conventionalities has robbed 
them of the peace and quiet, and natural adjustment; 
an air of superfluity pervades them ever. 

The face of the society woman at her dressmaker's 
is a study in agitated discomfort and perplexity lest 
the gown shall not meet her expectations and fail to 
elicit the prattle so pleasing to the ear. Then, at her 
home, she seats herself, possibly, in a pearl-inlaid 
teak-wood divan and conjures her mind for something 
strikingly original in interior decoration, with a hun- 
ger more definite than that of a tramp. 

The inward being is stifled with false desire, only 
the outward being must have her attention. Under 
such conditions of mind thought is forced to subdue 



58 SUMMING IT UE 

the conscience by an absolutism that prevents con- 
ception of any true noble einojtions. 

One of our twentieth century abnormalists re- 
marked recently as he was about to leave for his 
European outing: "It is really harder for persons who 
have had an income of $250,000 a year to come to live 
on a $50,000 basis than for a man who has been earn- 
ing $15 a week to accustom himself to. living' on $10 
a week." 

The woman who enters the car, her fingers laden 
with jeweled rings, and as an extra attraction, one 
crowded over the first joint of her thumb, is another 
example of the abnormalism of twentieth century life. 

In defense of her abnormal mind, one society wom- 
an remarks: "We go to Europe, most of us, annually, 
and see the crowned heads and women of the best 
breeding smoke continually, privately and publicly, 
and we join them without comment. Why, then, must 
a cigarette be discarded the minute we return? We 
go to Europe to broaden our minds. We come home 
to broaden those of others who cannot take the ad- 
vantage of a trip." 

Then he who discards the wife who has struggled 
with the problem of economy in early married life is 
with us. He is now in command of wealth, and she, 
who has borne him sons and daughters, must step 
aside, for 'he has an affinity. The parting may be far 
less pathetic than that of Napoleon and Josephine, 
but no doubt his polluted mind would expect her fare- 
well to read: "Your majesty shall never be troubled 
in your happiness by any expression of my grief." 

Life has become full of complex problems, vainglor- 
ies and regrets, deception stamped on every link 
of society's chain. While the physical movements 
of the past have been in the perfection of appliances, 
the moral element has been forced to content itself 
with hoping for more improved methods of justice — 



SUMMING IT TJE 59 

more simplicity of living to a happier existence, only 
to find it ever the arcanum of the beyond. 

It is not wholly from the fact that there are dif- 
ferent classes with their different functions, for that 
is a part of the plan of life, seemingly, but from the 
fact that through the exaggerated importance of 
wealth there has developed too wide a gap. People 
on long voyages throw off this false armor and 
mingle more naturally as units of society; but as 
soon as land is again reached, they hurry to put back 
the old coat-of-mail, deck themselves in their super- 
fluous baubles, and go back to their chimerical ideas 
of distinction. 

That there could be any soul distinction seems de- 
void of any reason, for who can believe the Creator 
of the wonderful worlds, of which we are a family of 
one, would cheat His individuals in the dispensation 
of that only which is Spiritual? 

If the wealthy society girl and the dissolute girl of 
the street had begun their embryonic existence with 
souls of the same purity, and the social order of the 
time had placed the one in luxury and above reproach, 
while environment, or weakness of the flesh, has 
forced the other so far beneath, is it reasonable to be- 
lieve that God had intended that the one should be 
cheated? 

It is the positive duty of those who thus have been 
favored through environments, or super-mind endow- 
ment, to possess that which places them so far above 
their fellow beings, to endeavor to ameliorate the suf- 
fering of those less fortunate. 

Who giveth love to all, pays kindness for unkind- 
ness, smiles for frowns, and lends new courage to each 
fainting heart, and strengthens hope and scatters 
joy abroad, he, too, is a Redeemer, Son of God. — Ella 
Wheeler Wilcox. 

The world has grown more beautiful in all things 



60 SUMMING IT UP 

from year to year, but — "Incomes out of proportion 
to the social and moral advancement are sure to de- 
grade." 

The giving of alms does not constitute social or 
moral advancement — it is easing of the conscience. 



The city that boasts of one saloon to each of its 
thirty citizens, in some wards, will of a necessity need 
the alms houses. 



Society has been content with the physical achieve- 
ments of what they considered advanced civilization, 
as compared with the barbarous days. And as was 
the assertion by the barons then, many argue to-day 
that society has perfected the classification of its 
units to their proper spheres. 

Society should be the greatest reward of human ex- 
istence, and government should never reach a state 
of predomination wherein it can divert the blessings 
of society, or contain a law whereby the relations of 
mankind as one to another shall suffer. 

The conscience of man is the result of natural law, 
as an evidence of Spiritual Direction, and when not 
cast aside by the weakness of the flesh, or killed by 
unhealthy environment, is sure to raise the mind of 
man to an appreciation of justice and equality rights. 

We find throughout history that man's natural in- 
stinct is to acknowledge a being higher than himself, 
and it is this generous characteristic that has led him 
to toleration in his fellow men. He becomes submis- 
sive to bear defeat, and lives sustained by hope. 

This is the faith of mankind that has been imposed 
upon throughout the ages, and to-day, by those people 
whose minds have become polluted, and their con- 
sciences weakened through greed and their possession 



SUMMING IT UP 61 

of power. They have sought only to be more crafty 
and far-seeing than their fellows. 

Monarchs of the old world were trained to this prin- 
ciple, and opened their councils of war for greed under 
Divine auspices, as an encouragement to the men in 
battle, and publicly proclaimed their hypocritical 
prayers imploring Divine Guidance that they might 
be victorious over the weaker. 

We see craft daily exemplified in some men as we 
observe it in the lower animals, and these men use 
their crafty instincts to cheat their brothers, as the 
fox uses his cunning to obtain for himself a chicken 
supper at the expense of the farmer. 

Men are in prisons because of their over estimating 
their craft and cautiousness. While some attribute 
their capture to the god-monkey — -luck. 

But the society of mankind that punishes the crime 
but does not forgive is like the parent that corrects 
with the lash but does not forget the offense that they 
are, through lack of teaching principles to the child, 
the cause of. 

Man did not enter into society to become worse than 
that society. His natural rights are those which 
must come to him through his inheritance, and his 
civil rights must be founded on his natural rights. 
The more perfect that society becomes, the less laws 
are required for its government. 

That the Government of the United States has be- 
come loaded down with laws to protect society is plain 
evidence that the true object of society has been sub- 
verted from the very day of its constitution. 

Whatever the cause of discontent may be it will al- 
ways be traced to want of happiness. 

If a home is not maintained for the purpose of dif- 
fusing happiness to all its members — if there is al- 
lowed to enter a spirit of strife and jealousy — that 
home becomes eventually a detriment to society. 



62 SUMMING IT UP 

If a government shall allow to exist that which 
shall tend to create strife, then the government is 
cheating the home. 

Much is claimed for individual energy and perse- 
verance, and the want of it as responsible for the lack 
of those surroundings that shall create happiness. It 
is hard to believe, however, that any man, other than 
a tippler, or degenerate, would not improve his condi- 
tions for happiness if the opportunities were more ac- 
cessible. 

When associated government shall become so full 
of perplexities that existence becomes an hourly 
struggle by seven-eighths of its people, while the 
other eighth shall, by their great wealth and protected 
monopoly, perpetuate and strengthen from day to day 
the barriers in the road to opportunities, its moral 
energy is not at a high ratio. 

That which some men regard as right moral senti- 
ment might be compared to a house-coat, to be hung 
in the hall of their homes, and put on and taken off 
on entering and departing. 

The sentiment of Lord Chesterfield was not the 
same as that of Captain Webb when the latter 
jumped from the deck of an ocean-liner to save the 
life of a drowning sailor. And the world's greatest 
want to-day is more Webbs and less Chesterfields. 

When the people of a nation shall set their minds 
upon improving the moral conditions and social prin- 
ciples by combining of forces, undivided by section- 
alism, they will have accomplished the feat of estab- 
lishing a righteous trust, and the seven-eighths shall 
not be strangled by the power of money in the hands 
of the other eighth. They shall win the battle on 
superior principles, for right makes might, and the 
so-called mighty shall learn that money does not de- 
velop moral right, and therefore that which does shall 
become the real law. 



SUMMING IT UP 63 

The development of character in man can have no 
greater lesson than that which the propagation of im- 
proved vegetation offers. The development of the 
richer and more luxuriant fruit, and the bringing out 
of a greater character in the rose and other flowers, 
by proper culture, is a lesson to prove that the de- 
sirable characteristics in man may be developed by, 
the proper study of cause and effect. 



Laws that do not bring forth and nourish, in the 
broadest fullest sense, man's higher moral nature are 
poorly constructed, and rather in the nature of in- 
sults to our Creator, w r ho, it is presumed, planned 
us on no lesser ideal than that of His Own Divine Be- 
ing; and placed us in His world full of natural ele- 
ments for our support of the temporal bodies that shall 
contain His souls. Instead of observing His Divine 
Natural laws, we have ignored them for the law T s of 
monarchs and politicians, and have disregarded the 
instincts of our consciences. 

We have lent our energies in creating laws to deal 
with every conceivable detail, w 7 hich simply tend to 
promote and safeguard greed, and a belief in acquisi- 
tiveness and power over one another. This has had 
no other than the natural result: MALICE, ENVY, 
HATE— where it should be CHAEITY, LOVE, 
TRUTH, and which it would be did we but apply 
the intellectuality, or philosophy, to our existence 

i that the successful florist does in his development 
of a greater character in his flowers. 

The florists hold their conventions and from their 

i abstract opinions they gather a concrete knowiedge 
which broadens their science of culture, and enables 

; them, step by step, year by year, to show the world 

I the real law of nature that cannot be perceived by a 
single power of thought. 



64 SUMMING IT UP 

It must and will be through this plan of the conven- 
tion system that the higher and more humane prin- 
ciples of man's social perfection shall be brought 
forth, 

Natural philosophy is the true adjunct of reason, 
and that which, preached more from the pulpits, shall 
draw us nearer to the truth than the prolixity of sec- 
tarian dogmas. 

The earnest Christian women, we find are doing 
more to uphold the moral principles of the nation 
than ever before. 

Where men see the truth at times, most women 
feel it, for it is a characteristic of their physical sen- 
sitiveness. It is apparently this very reason that 
compels some to drop to the lowest depths of sin to 
drown the moral aspirations that seek to subdue. 
And if this inbred super-sensitiveness leads some to 
be over-zealous for co-ordination in the affairs of life 
it is largely the fault of the one-sided equality plan. 

The tendency of men to separate women from their 
right to participate in the vital questions of the hour 
is responsible for that body who bear the cognomen 
of "Suffragettes." 

And when men would seek to stigmatize them with 
being the weaker, and therefore only capable of 
motherhood, and the homage of man, they not only 
see the hypocrisy but they feel it. 

If there are occasionally physical mistakes among 
women, it is far from being noteworthy, for not only 
Joan of Arc, but everywhere, to day, are those in evi- 
dence to refute the claim of inherited weakness. 

If some women have become political haranguers it 
is because they have been goaded to a state of abnor- 
malism by the continued indifference shown them. 

It was women who did more in the past to perpetu- 
ate that spark of Divine reasoning in the minds of 



SUMMING IT UP 65 

men, and save them from the force of licentious law, 
than the moral qualities of the world's statesmen. 

Mormonism, once so defiant, bid fair to encompass 
the nation's homes, but the fervent spirit of Ameri- 
can women would not permit it to prevail. 

It has been considered beneath the dignity of so 
great a republic to pay its president the paltry sum 
of |50,000 a year, but it is hard for the benevolent 
(?) congress to consider the grey-haired widow of the 
old soldier entitled to more than a meager stipend. 

The education of the future generations to higher 
principles of humanity must come largely through 
women's tutelage of the young. And were they more 
universally represented on the boards of education we 
would have a system vastly superior to that at pres- 
ent. 

To place the education of children entirely in the 
hands of "stepping-stone" politicians is but to com- 
mercialize our posterity. 

We cannot dispute the fact that the accommodation 
of the minds of the young can best be broadened by 
appealing to their conscience. 

The motives of conscience as connected with re- 
pentance and the feeling of duty, are the most im- 
portant differences which separate man from the ani- 
mal. — Darwin. 

To hold that all men are equal is noble, but we 
are ever forced to acknowledge the great part educa- 
tion and association plays in giving them their in- 
dividual characteristics. 

The principles that shall govern our posterity shall 
not be made, but rather applied, for somewhere with- 
in the triangle of reason there shall be found the 
philosophical rule that will establish the true princi- 
ples of brotherhood. 

It shall not come in 1914 in the form of Socialism, 
nor by the principles declared by Bismarck, viz. : "The 



66 SUMMING IT UE 

great questions of the time are solved not by speech- 
making and the resolutions of majorities, but by 
BLOOD and IRON." 

How shall it come, you ask? It shall come through 
the application of higher moral reasoning, as exem- 
plified by our Creator, for all are to Him alike; and 
man has not discovered in his research that the beau- 
tiful display of planets, seen in the heavens, are plano- 
convex from one having consumable power over the 
other. 

That we, as human forms of this Wonderful Crea- 
tor, placed in this world as equals, should in this ad- 
vanced and enlightened age be dominated by greed, 
and seek to attain happiness by no higher method than 
the proportion of wealth that can be acquired, is a sad 
commentary on moral advancement, or belief in Di- 
vine Law. 

The unnatural and unhappy condition of the people 
at large, who, living in a land of plenty cannot hope 
for better conditions, under established social laws, 
is the strongest argument for an educational system 
that shall tend to teach higher principles. 

The vital element that sustains society — the family 
man — should not forever be sacrificed upon the altar 
of established precedents to furnish the unnatural re- 
past of an unlimited aristocracy, whose only argu- 
ment is ever "the survival of the fittest"; and which 
claim is as false as those set up in the kingdoms and 
empires of the old world. 

"The survival of the fittest" has a stimulating ring, 
but does it have the tone of heroism, or licentious 
law? 

Those to-day who are ever proclaiming this preda- 
tory principle right are often at the head of our great 
monopolies, and are crying out for better men. They 
are even resorting to espionage in order to compel 
their employes to be strictly honest with them. They 



SUMMING IT UP 67 

want the men of moral calibre as servitors — men who 
will give them the best that is in them. 

The situation is not unlike that where the father 
gets drunk and curses, but does not expect his son 
will even learn to smoke. 

The principles that are good for the masters of 
men are not good for the servants, apparently. 

If God had created the passions of men to forever 
allow of this unequal existence, harmony would pre- 
vail under the so-called law of Destiny, and if Destiny 
of man be thus arranged, as some contend, it would 
be useless to endeavor to change the plan of our 
Creator. 

As we trace the evolutions of mankind through 
their different periods, we are forced to acknowledge 
it is their environments that make, or unmake, their 
social tranquillity. 

There is far less individuality exemplified among 
the rich than among the middle class, or even the 
poorer class in some instances. And it is not so 
strange, after all, that our greatest benefactors, both 
leaders and teachers, come most often from the two 
latter classes. 

"There is often more character in the cabman than 
the clubman." 



Early in the eighteenth century numerous clubs, 
lodges and societies sprang into existence in England. 

The masons, both brick and stone, had maintained 
their guilds, or lodges, for many years, but their ob- 
ject had been merely to promote their interests as 
craftsmen. 

In Covent Garden, London, in the year 1717, a num- 
ber of brick-masons met and formulated the plan 
of taking in those wiio were not operative masons. 

They used every effort to enlist those that had 



63 SUMMING IT UP 

some title to their names, for they realized their mem- 
bership would draw others in rapidly. It did, and 
the air of mystery that eventually surrounded it 
created much comment — as all secrets are wonderful 
until they are known. 

There was soon little left of the old guild ritual to 
identify it with operative masonry. 

When the blooded gentry had perfected their de- 
grees, with the opulent airs of the days of knight- 
hood, it began to draw in like a vortex many of the 
prominent men of the time. 

It soon became established in other countries, and 
its growth in the United States was rapid. It boasted 
of George Washington, and other leading men, and 
became a feature of the republic, both politically and 
socially. 

It embellished its different degrees with awe-in- 
spiring nomenclature to give them added significance, 
and satisfy that class of gentlemen who cannot be 
content with open-book principles, but seek to per- 
petuate the orientalism of the days of class distinc- 
tion. 

With the success of masonry came many imitators 
to vie with select brotherhood, and perpetuate, as it 
were, another form of "The survival of the fittest." 

Their showy parades, at times, would remind one of 
the historical account of Scipio's return into Rome, 
after defeating the Carthaginians. And lest his heart 
should burst with pride, his slave kept repeating to 
him: "Kemeniber, Scipio, that thou art but a man." 



Thousands of men to-day as members of the differ- 
ent lodges accept lodge virtues as their only faith, 
and regard as inspiration for the mind the working 



tools and architectural designs resurrected from the 






SUMMING IT UP 69 

days of mythology and the temples erected to the wor- 
ship of gods of idolatry. 

The division of men in a republic into different 
orders and sects is not unlike a house divided against 
itself, and it is little wonder that the true social better- 
ment of men has not kept pace with the strides of in- 
dustrialism. 



To learn to believe in the obligations of one to an- 
other, that religious duties consist of justice, loving 
mercy, and an endeavor to make fellow beings happy 
is as noble as it is necessary to the contentment of 
man that he be mentally faithful to himself. 

The education that teaches a mastery of thought 
power is the most essential, for it gives minds the 
power to reason better for their needs of real enjoy- 
ment. These minds become the real christians; not 
merely singing and praying, but exemplifiers of the 
laws of the Divine Creator by their own principles. 
These are those we see living the grand full life, de- 
voted to the truth, eloquently proclaiming, if no word 
be spoken, the triumphs of the serene mind. 

The proper direction of the mind does not create 
imprudent and selfish minds, but on the contrary im- 
bues them daily with a pride in their moral control. 

The education that trains minds only to take pride 
in passing from one class to another is that which 
teaches them mere selfish principles, and is stimu- 
lated by the belief that they are nearing the goal 
where their selfish desires shall be fully gratified, 
through acquiring early supremacy. 

Individuality, being controlled by thought, is nour- 
ished by that which feeds thought. The internal 
forces of the mind are ever changing, advancing or 
retrograding, toward a moral or a physical domina- 
tion. 



70 SUMMING IT UP 

That which calms, pacifies; that which excites irri- 
tates. The one creates obedience to Divine Laws; the 
other creates insubordination. The one a blue light 
to the soul — the other a red light. 

Those who learn to understand this subtle force, 
and seek to apply it, are the actual teachers of men. 
They shape the destinies eventually of the nation; and 
the greater this energy is spiritualized by high ideals, 
the greater is their service to mankind. 

Each thought has its peculiar origin and emotional 
wave, and its individual influence on the future sus- 
ceptibilities. And when realized, fully, can be di- 
rected through the science of thought into the channel 
that leads to the true beatitude of wisdom. 

Thoughts may be likened to visitors paying us an 
informal call, and if received with consideration they 
prolong their visit sufficiently for us to acquire their 
principles. We are thus enabled to regard them, one 
by one. as beads upon a pearl-chain which encircles 
our lives, and will ever remind us of past, present, and 
possibly future principles, that shall, or shall not, 
make for our peace. 



PART FIFTH 

ANALYTIC CONCLUSION 

From the first can be traced with little difficulty 
man's susceptibility to greed. It came in the time of 
Adam, but history offers abundance of examples from 
the time that man began wholly dependent upon his 
own efforts for sustenance, which became the prin- 
cipal aim of life. 

Men's estimation of each other was soon measured 
by that which they possessed, rather than that which 
they were, mentally or morally, and gold became the 
master of men. 

It brought power, it subdued enemies, and enabled 
men to intensify and gratify their passions. It be- 
came the ruling passion of the more crafty and vi- 
cious, and so far as their viciousness was exemplified, 
it rarely failed to connect itself with the names of all 
the early rulers. 

They compelled their subjects to look at them in 
humble and idealic pride, and these self-made superior 
majesties made their every word a law over the 
people. 

As time passed by we note that the middle classes 
became the studious classes and solved many mys- 
teries, and brought light to those natural elements in 
the world for enlightenment that gradually decreased 
the power of the rulers. 

When this period of enlightenment had shown what 
the power of knowledge could do in combating the 

71 



72 SUMMING IT UP 

power of gold, the rulers gladly accepted the church 
as an assistant in governing the people, and directing 
their education as they desired, for they would have 
them submissive to both. 

When the inventions began to come forth the king- 
doms began to feel another change, and the wealth 
of the few lords, dukes, counts, etc., was put to insig- 
nificance by the power of the new industries. 

This order of change started a new class of aristo- 
crats, and they in turn have sought to affiliate with 
royalty that they may have that which they imagine 
will distinguish them as above their countrymen. 

Their money and advantage of time for research 
has not expanded their minds above thinking that 
royalty really means blue blood, and they have con- 
tinued to build up an aristocracy that has little less 
for its object than the acquiring of all wealth possible, 
by any and all means, that their posterity may be per- 
petuated as the kings and emperors perpetuated their 
hierarchy against the weaker, by war. 

As the kings and emperors expected their slaves of 
war to look with sublime reverence to their majesties' 
great directive ability, and be satisfied with their ra- 
tions and bodily covering, so it became the kings of in- 
dustries to expect a similar condition of hostage. 

Not being wholly subservient to the interests of the 
new monied barons, as was the people of kingdoms to 
the king and his church allies, they failed to control 
the people's minds if they did their bodies. 



When the f ramers of the Constitution of the United 
States drafted that wonderful document, "Life, liberty 
and the pursuit of happiness" appeared to be all suf- 
ficient to designate the immortal rights of men for 
all time to come. 

They were looking through powerful glasses at the 



SUMMING IT UP 73 

possibilities for happiness if life and liberty were but 
guaranteed by the State to her citizens. 

If the judiciaries of the state defined the citizen's 
rights as laid down in the Constitution, his liberty 
was of a certainty assured him, and the problem of 
happiness was simply a matter up to himself. 

That there could ever develop a condition akin to 
the days of the patricians and the plebeians seemed 
impossible. For unlike the plebeians who were only 
occasionally allowed to vote, though they held prop- 
erty and conducted business, the right of all men to 
vote in the United States would safeguard their every 
interest. 

But quite as in the far away days of old Koine, the 
patrician consuls and the patrician Senate in the New 
World began to use their power for the benefit of their 
own interests. 

When the soldier of the New World returned from 
the front he was fortunate if he was not obliged to 
seek a loan from some of the New World patricians 
until the next harvest could be gathered. 

This comparison, however, is only used as a parable, 
for the commoner was not termed a plebeian, of 
course; their citizenship had been guaranteed them 
and their greatest struggle had been to defend citizen- 
ship. 

Monopoly of productive machinery and combination 
of wealth to control the necessities of life was pooh- 
poohed when mentioned as a possible menace to real 
liberty, although this enemy was cited in the history 
of England during the sixteenth century. 

So while the citizens' inalienable rights were being 
thus looked after, the unlimited right of ownership 
and control was left to run its course, and enslave citi- 
zenship, as it had in the centuries past. 

That a time might come when the only great dif- 
ference between a lord owning a whole province in 



U SUMMING IT UP 

the Old World, and the capitalistic controllers of the 
industries of the New World, would be little more 
than the fact that the latter paid real money to its 
laborers — their produce being sold back to the con- 
sumers at whatever profit was necessary to complete 
their sovereignty over the producers — does not appear 
to have occurred to them. 

Now, after long years of argument as to the Con- 
stitutional rights of capital and labor, the enlightened 
minds of the Nation are trying to emphasize the fact 
that true liberty and happiness does not depend sim- 
ply on keeping out of jail. Nor forfeiting all claims 
on equality observance, and graciously submitting to 
the purloined Old World principles of established 
precedents, which have become as firmly intrenched as 
the predaceous law of possession. 



That portion, small as it is, of truly cultured citi- 
zens has done much to assuage the feeling of injus- 
tice in the past, and tide the old ship of gold over 

troubled seas. 

# # # * 

While many of the very eager rich have sought their 
protection in standing close to their favorite officials 
of the government, and subscribing liberally to the 
election of their political champions, they are fast 
awakening to the fact that even this will not protect 
their principles for much longer time. And the threat 
of withdrawal of their capital from the industries only 
tends to bring the truth nearer to their homes. 

The honorableness of labor has not been justly 
considered, nor entitled to more than its ability to 
serve could command under the law of supply and 
demand; arguing that labor's opportunity through 
prudence and ability to advance in service value was 
all sufficient to equalize any advantage great wealth 



SUMMING IT UP 75 

might have; and that the wealth of the capitalistic 
class invested in great enterprises was affording op- 
portunity for all worthy labor to advance itself by its 
own honest effort. 

If capital was to take the chance of loss it was 
also entitled to all the profits that could be derived. 

Labor having advanced intellectually, year by year, 
has studied the principles of invested capital and 
cannot figure how the so-called opportunities could 
possibly go around if considered on a basis of fairness 
to all worthy individuals. 

The benefits of advanced science and inventions do 
not redound to the benefit of the vast majority, only 
in the way of sanitary conditions, communication and 
transportation. The great money earning inventions 
are monopolized, as from the first, by the capitalists, 
and labor must sell its time for what it will bring 
in competition with the labor-saving devices. 

The demand, principally, for the products, are fur- 
nished by labor, therefore the scale of wages could 
never advance materially beyond the cost of their 
necessities. 

This cold-blooded law becomes more apparent as 
the pinnacle of civilization's advancement is ap- 
proached, and the double load must ever be carried by 
the producers and consumers. 

The small army of rich, with their advantage of the 
inside information on finance, inheritance of accu- 
mulated fortunes from rise in property values, and 
their monopoly of labor-saving inventions, might con- 
tinue the w 7 ar against equality observance forever. 

As this order of law is not only illogical, but inhu- 
man, to a people advancing in intelligence from day to 
day, and as each month adds thousands of immigrants, 
and labor-saving inventions are brought out daily, it 
is only reasonable to believe the integrity and safety 
of not only the Nation, but t he rights of future poster- 



76 SUMMING IT UP 

ity depend upon a more honest manipulation of the 
scales in the hands of the "Goddess of Justice.'' 

If advanced learning and moral observances shall 
not lead the people to declare for more justice in the 
law of the land, what shall? 

The conditions as stated, if not remedied, will, of 
a necessity, bring labor to a dependency more deplor- 
able than in the centuries past. 

Education and refinement cannot allow of retro- 
gression, and the same moral principles that have 
led the majority to bear with it and hope, will force 
them to a belief in the Divine right of removing the 
cause of the abnormal and unrighteous condition. 



Happiness derived from equality rights, which is 
of a necessity supported by a moral basis, cannot be 
attained until the physical forces that have predomi- 
nated shall be neutralized by an Emmanuel consum- 
mation that shall enable mankind to admit that money 
really can become the root of a nation's evils, when its 
unlimited accumulation and consequent power in that 
nation's law-making is permitted. 

When money shall be made to serve its rightful mis- 
sion as a medium of exchange, rather than a medium 
of sovereignty over the people at large, then greater 
happiness, National happiness! can become a possi- 
bility. 

What can be done to bring such an epoch in the 
affairs of a government is naturally a tantalizing ques- 
tion; and this question remains unanswered, save by 
way of suggestion — for example : by regulating money 
power through the establishment of a sane profit-shar- 
ing system. And when this step had been taken, un- 
doubtedly the next, and more essential one, would 
suggest itself. 



SUMMING IT UP 77 

Legal rates of charges for services are already es- 
tablished in many lines, and if the legal compensation 
of an agent can be defined, it does not seem impossible 
op preposterous that the same right of definition 
could be claimed as to how much profit the seller was 
legally entitled to — it's quite the way one looks at it. 

While some might presume the owner of the cottage 
was entitled to more profit if it had not been bringing 
him any rental for some months, the same principle 
might likewise be claimed applicable if the agent had 
not been blessed with a commission for so long a time 
that his grocery bill had reached embarrassing pro- 
portions. 

And finally, it might be argued that under a more 
righteous profit-sharing system there would be more 
renters, and more buyers-. 

O that wonderful word possible! It seems to have 
been the range-light of philosophers from the time of 
Plato. 



There are always two sides, the esoteric and the 
exoteric, the practical and the sentimental. The 
philosopher's sympathy is generally with the esoteric, 
the Spiritual side, while the practical man looks to 
the exoteric, the material side. 



The builder is more interested in the time of com- 
pletion and the profits. The sentimental Newly-weds 
who may purchase the bungalow are but the means 
to the end with him. And while both builder and 
purchaser are subserving society's aim, the transac- 
tion hinges on the delicate principle of confidence. 

And we pause to consider that possibly the proper 
study of mankind is — Confidence! 



78 SUMMING IT UP 

The man who employs 100 or 500 may have little 
of the sentimental makeup in him, but he is never- 
theless supplying that which feeds sentiment. 



There is a sacrificial brotherhood required in a 
nation no matter how it is figured. 

Some men are developing opportunities uncon- 
sciously, while others are confidently seeking them. 

While some men have been making slaves of them- 
selves in their business greed, they have been creat- 
ing opportunities for other men. So we discover some 
who are more deserving of sympathy than vilification. 

The era of understanding is rapidly approaching. 
The Capitalists are beginning to understand the plain 
point of view the people are taking of them, and the 
people are becoming more sane in their classification 
of them, and their relative value to the world. If they 
have taken more privileges than was expected they 
would, it ig a matter calling for brotherhood regula- 
tion, as with the liquor traffic, for the equal benefit 
of all. 

While the radical publications classed as socialistic 
propaganda have been flooding the country, it is a 
question as to its being a menace or a benefit to the 
Nation. While its dignity at times assumes an atti- 
tude similar to a man cursing himself, it has apparent- 
ly been serving the purpose of educating the masses 
to a realization of some vital fundamental errors. 

The pioneer days of America were certainly lucra- 
tive for the unscrupulous and* criminal clashes, but 
thanks to the searching and exposing power of the 
daily press, the people have been kept informed, of its 
vices as well as its virtues. 

If the socialistic scathings are showing up the sin 
against humanism, and making the people more care- 



SUMMING IT UP 79 

ful in their in vestments, it is only what might be 
reasonably expected. 



Socialists of the past have been quite similar to 
food faddists. In their eagerness they first suggested 
a plan which would so change the existence of man- 
kind that they would soon have about the same ambi- 
tion as soldiers about a government barrack. They 
would finally have little or no desire left for invention, 
or amplified energy. 

It might be reasonable to suppose that every man 
in the world has a right to all he can produce, if he be 
content with just that much. But when he demands 
so much of that which other men produce, the law 
of the "endless chain" must be subserved. 

To ge.t down to their first economic proposition it 
would be necessary to establish a law of compensation 
where all men's labors be measured alike. They 
might then contend that the man with the. larger fam- 
ily should have the larger and more costly residence, 
because he had better deserved it. 

The desire of one class to obtain that which shall 
give them a power over their fellows, and the desire of 
the fellows to take away that power has ever ap- 
peared the euphemism of the socialistic plan. 

A noted physician once declared he could count all 
the drugs of a specific value on the fingers of his 
hands; but the hairs of one's head would seem to be 
insufficient to enumerate the remedies needed in the 
old school of socialistic reform. 

So it would appear that these pastime fanatics, 
recognizing this, finally proposed nothing better than 

SURGERY. 

* * * # 

The right to appropriate the entire property of all 
persons at their death, as some have contended, is 



80 SUMMING IT UP" 

about the limit of old time socialistic acrimony, and 
a principle that a majority in any community would 
not at present entertain. 



Those who are clamoring for a government owner- 
ship of all trade and industries, transportation and 
communication, can find no stronger argument than 
that borrowed from the trusts. 

There is so much that can be accomplished for the 
betterment of the commonwealth, ere becoming jus- 
tified in such an assumptive undertaking, that it seems 
little less than folly to handicap our natural progres- 
sion with such premature agitation. 

Can one imagine what a condition of mind we would 
have to acquire to accept an industrial plan where 
each must serve three years on a garbage-wagon, in 
the pit, or as some other menial, ere being allowed to 
select our preferred vocation, as one writer has po- 
litely suggested? 

To expect the nation to change its laws, so all might 
have equal valuation in property holdings, may some 
day be considered logical. But to claim under gov- 
ernment ownership of all, all should receive alike, ap- 
pears quite like "ale-house philosophy." 

And again, such an indefeasible condition of citizen- 
ship would be nothing short of militarism, and the 
impetus and zest of life would be lost by such com- 
monplace existence. 

Good citizenship is allied with the soul and does not 
seek to exist in a manner that shall stifle its individ- 
uality. 

To do away with private capital and the directive 
cautiousness that accompanies it, and place all in- 
dustries and trade under the direction of appointees, 
would certainly be going to the unreasonable extreme. 

The regulating of the entire commerce of a state to 



SUMMING IT UP 81 

the exigencies of the market on inter-state production, 
or exchange, would be vastly different than under the 
watchful eyes of men who have their private capital 
at stake. 



When a government consisting of nearly ninety mil- 
lions of people, with its numerous large cities, cannot 
afford to rent a small lock-box in its post-office for 
less than f 8 a year, while a respectable sized private 
safe-deposit may be had from a security company for 
$5, then consider that the Post-Office Department runs 
from $6,000,000 to f 16,000,000 per annum behind in 
its expenditures, it furnishes little evidence of gov- 
ernment appointee ability to handle all 

* * * # 

Co-operation for the benefit of all would seem to 
necessitate absolute equality — not equality as con- 
tained in the Constitution — but an equality of inter- 
ests in all things, and finally — a Christian perfection 
insisting that all should be garbed alike, lest there be 
some distinction. 

The glittering domes of Byzantine structures called 
"Equality Cafes," where all may dine by presenting 
a card of good conduct, will possibly be observed 
when social regeneration has finally established that 
goodness of heart that all, except one man, possessed 
at the "Lord's Supper." 



If the conception of the real duty of the church to 
the people has been held as pertaining to the saving 
of the soul for a transitional life beyond, the clergy 
are beginning to read between the lines of the New 
Testament a duty to perform, that if less dignified to 
their cloth, is more convincing of its Christlike pur- 
pose. 



S2 SUMMING IT UR 

That the Church should continue along in the same 
make-believe manner as when allied with the State 
in governing the people, or that the different sec- 
tional arms should follow their old dogmas estab- 
lished at the time of their segregation, it would seem 
unreasonable to suppose. 

In evolution all things move. 

The demand for universality of language is but a 
demand for universality of culture, which must lead 
to a universality of opinion regarding the duties of 
the church, and quite reasonably we may presume it 
will rise on stepping stones of its dead self to its im- 
mediate duties and less superfluous prayers. For has 
it not been said: "And when ye spread forth your 
hands, I will hide mine eyes from you; yea, when ye 
make many prayers I will not hear; your hands are 
full of blood." 

Would to God the longest prayer to-day might be 
for a universal faith and an allied interest for the 
perfection of man's happiness on earth, that he might 
be the better home of the Spirit of God that would 
dwell within. 

The ceremonies and ritual side of religion have been 
applied as best suited the requirements of its eccles- 
iastical bodies, as lodges have taken such parts of 
its principles as best suited their purposes. 

If this zeal could be applied for the edification of 
the people, by supporting and preaching their cause 
and necessities, it would not be long ere the world 
would witness a revival that would please God and 
man alike. 

The time when ecclesiastical bodies can appeal to 
the superstitions, like the hypothetical reasoning in 
the political world, is fast approaching its final rest- 
ing place. 

There is no time to be wasted by mankind to-day 
in a compromise with truth. If historical sleuths shall 



SUMMING IT UP 83 

prove that certain parts of the Bible are prophetic 
falsehoods, they cannot destroy its appeal to reason 
in so far as its teachings can be applied to the evolu- 
tion of man's existence. 

If all the world were to believe with the assumptive 
Tom Paine, that the existence of Christ was but an 
allegory to. fulfil the prophecies of the Emmanuel 
visit of God to earth, it would nevertheless remain the 
most beautiful and edifying allegory ever devised, and 
one that the world was sorely in need of. 

The world has ceased to look for miracles, but there 
is little doubt if Christ were on earth to-day a devil 
would present himself, ready to place the Redeemer 
upon the pinnacle of the Temple of Gold and defy his 
Lord to come down. 

While the church shall remain capitalized as a sec- 
tarian property asset, and its clergy preach that only 
which pleases its subscribers, the ozone shall not be- 
come so purified that it shall fail to nourish those who 
are devilishly spiritual minded. 

When the conferences shall have some higher ob- 
ject in view than the balloting over some honorary 
position at its head, or the corollary over its sectional 
doctrines, the man of the world, even unto the base- 
ball "fan" may conclude it is time to unwrap his legs 
and lay down his paper and pipe, and the women folk 
may be obliged to come earlier if they wish seats. 
And possibly the minister's salary would not have to 
depend on the auctioning of the pews to the highest 
bidder. And the true relations of mankind to their 
spiritual and material welfare would be preached as 
it should be. 

As the despotisms of the empires were shaken off, 
and the egotistical authority of the religious conju- 
rors of the Old World were relegated to the rear, so 
might the universal religion of man be instituted and 






84 SUMMING IT UP 

the higher perfection of the soul attained by other 
means than in sack-cloth and ashes. 

That a kingdom of God could be established: with- 
out mountains being moved, and seas dried up by His 
Own Hands, has appeared so remote that the church- 
men have contented themselves with the facts that 
Christ came to save sinners; that the word was being 
preached to all nations; and that the Sabbath day 
services and weekly prayer meetings were being main- 
tained. 

The regeneration of man's soul to the consumma- 
tion possibilities of a Godlike kingdom on earth has 
been left to that inspiration derived from the Lord's 

Prayer: Thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven. 
* * * * 

As a champion of humanism in the Old World the 
church did not add to its name any lasting laurels. 

If its progress in the New World has been held back 
by the maddened rush of industrialism, the time seems 
propitious for another reasoning, and its opportunity 
to rehabilitate itself is only shadowed by the expected 
attention that may be given to the developments in 
the navigation of the air. 

That there is an intense moral movement taking 
place, outside the church, cannot be denied. Travel 
where you may, there is something noticeable in the 
people's minds as to the use of government, equality 
rights, humanism, or something akin to human wel- 
fare. 

Whatever it may be, it has been far too long in com- 
ing to be simply a wave of religious emotion move- 
ment. It is apparently the realization that it is the 
common duty of mankind to promote conditions that 
are more conducive to health and happiness, if not 
social equality. And that the shirking of this duty 
is not only cowardly, but an act of treason unto Him 



SUMMING IT UP 85 

whom they have been so hypocritically pretending to 
serve. 

In a land where more than one-third of the people 
are professing Christianity, it would seem wholly 
possible that such a mighty brotherhood could be in- 
augurated with a governmental principle strong 
enough to win the support of a majority, and lift the 
people from a madness like unto that nation of Le- 
vites of old, to one of good will toward all men. 



The power of education and true religious enlight- 
enment is fast bringing the people to a condition for 
a moral crisis. 

It is not, however, to the writer's belief, the mil- 
lennial day, as predicted by imaginative translators of 
the Bible, and foretold as due at different times during 
the past century. Nor can it be reasonably defined 
as the day of educated mob rule. 

The day of men's interest in their fellowmen's 
earthly existence, and their education to the power 
of moral principles to overcome fallacious laws and 
antiquated precedents is fast approaching. 



The boom of the past, with its increased wealth, 
inflated values, credits and debts, absorbed capital 
from watered stock, and juggled securities, cannot 
continue much longer. 

Over-production is witnessed in many lines of busi- 
ness, and when a panic comes it shows up the many 
weak spots in the regulating of trade. 

Iron, steel, and other constructive material cannot 
be depended upon to support a nation always. 

The time will come when machinery will not equal- 
ize the cost of raw material, and the increased demand 
for necessities will boost prices to such proportions 



80 SUMMING IT VV 

that the present system of profll sharing will be un- 
bearable. 

The time will come when buying homes will be even 
more difficult than at present. Wages cannot keep up 
wiih the advance in realty; and the over-populating 
of cities and manufacturing centers will hut tend to 
increase the hardships of the struggle. 

There an* many who will claim that as the cities 
become too great for the poor wage-earners they will 
migrate to the rural districts and this will equalize 
the situation. If this is true optimism, it is not horn 
oi' facts gathered through investigating conditions in 
the larger cities. 

The law of supply and demand must always be con- 
sidered, whether it he in a republic or a co-operative 
government, therefore, it must stand for reason that 
a regulation of the hours oi' labor would tend to equal- 
ize this law and insure family incomes. 

With such assurance the laboring classes would be 
inclined to purchase more of the v;ood things oi' life 
than the lew rich do now. With the confidence oi' 
being able to support families, other than in penury, 
the marriage question would at least be partially 
solved. The competitive theory would still exist, hut 
more fair than under the present plan of haggling 
with labor for greater profits. 

The rich and impellent will never cease to maintain 
a haughty mien, hut it would he more easily tolerated 
than at present. 

"The fruit cannot he greater than the tree," and 
political representatives of a nation cannot be greater 
than the nation. 

it is useless to expect them, in their now sometimes 
willing minority, to advance measures potent enough 
to accomplish results necessary to real reform. 

Legislation must conform sooner ov later to the wel- 



SUMMING IT OP 87 

fare of the people as a whole. Hours of labor must 
be arranged to give work to the greatest number with- 
out over-production. 

interest on money musl be made lower in order 1o 
check its antagony to the betterment of the people at 
large. 

Transportation companies' charges must be ar- 
ranged on a basis of real investment. 

Corporations must be restricted from using monopo- 
listic principles in I heir business that rob the people 
of their Constitutional guarantee. 

Wealth and power must be governed in a measure 
of law that shall bring more general benefits. 

Legislators in the different states should be elected 
that would enad measures for the taxing of incomes 
beyond a maximum amount. 

The prohibiting of over-capitalization is a most 
necessary duty and one that must be performed. 

Ad valorem taxation should apply to all corpora- 
tions using transportation or communication privi- 
leges for revenue. 

The currency and banking system must come in for 
needed reforms, and the Federal Government will 
have to associate itself more closely with the banks 
for the protection of the people, and thc^ avoidance of 
business depression. 

The establishment of a National Labor Bureau for 
the settlement of all labor differences should 1 do away 
with the necessity for active organized labor unions. 

The good citizens of the country should feel it their 
duty to become as active for the betterment of the 
world as the pernicious have been individually active 
in blocking all reforms. 

The unjust and arrogant must be dealt with as 
inimical to the body politic, and the interests and 
well-being of the people must be safeguarded by the 



88 SUMMING IT UP 






law, as the possessions of the rich are ever protected 
by it. 

"That which cannot be cured must be endured, but 
that which can be cured it is foolish to bear." 



The nineteenth century will ever be remembered as 
the wonderful transformation period ; when that great 
stride in progression was made that revolutionized 
the power of governments. 

The twentieth century is most likely to be featured 
in history as that in which the regulation of wealth 
and the distribution of profits on the products of labor 
was accomplished. 

This is the problem that is making all mankind 
think as never before, and will, sooner or later, re- 
solve into a principle, and be hailed* as the Lex Divino 
for greater character building and higher brotherhood 
of man. 

It was the acknowledgment of hated facts that led 
minds on to break the bondage of the kingdoms and 
empires. 

Progressive religious reasoning is feeling to-day the 
necessity of removing the curse upon labor's products, 
as applied through the power of industrial monopoly 
and the manipulation of values in the sustaining prod- 
ucts, which requires too much sweat of the face here, 
and too little there to be consistent with the law of 
nature. 

Labor groped about for some plan to escape this 
aggravating condition, only to find that every avenue 
of escape was nicely guarded by the masters of men, 
who fixed the price of their necessities, and seemed 
to mock them with, I will give it to you to-day, but I 
shall take it from you to-morrow. 

When the business panics came the well-groomed 



SUMMING IT UP 89 

statesman explained to the commoners that over- 
production was the cause, but diplomatically avoided 
mentioning the fact that woman and child labor in- 
creased one hundred and fifty per cent, following 
these periods. 

History does not teach us that the progressive spirit 
of American men and women can tolerate these nox- 
ious conditions, and false reasonings. 

There has been too little difference between great- 
ness and meanness; the supposition of greatness was 
quite often discovered to be the companion of mean- 
ness, though often so nicely disguised as to be able 
to amass great wealth, and honorable mention, before 
being discovered in actual crime against society. 

That part of human greatness that represents the 
interests in common is that only which can produce, 
and maintain, the ideal civic relations of society, 
whose world shall not be canopied by clouds of in- 
famy. 

Facts sometimes astonish, but need no verifying, 
even to the minds of the commonest hearers. Thus 
facts become the eternal law, and that only which all 
men alike obev. 



We are still men, citizens of a great nation, not 
merely by the largeness of our possessions, our intel- 
lectual development, nor our patriotism — but because 
of the moral spark that has been kept alive. 

Our moral spirit has ever striven to modify ambig- 
uous principles. It has nourished hope for economic 
improvement, and prevented organized disorder. 

As the past has been marked by physical accom- 
plishments, it is believed, by many, that the next 
epoch in our advancement to higher civilization will 
he marked by a reform in our social organization. 



<)() SUMMING IT DP 

Since the mothers of men were taken from under 
the yoke of bondage, there has been a glorious ad- 
vancement, and it is reasonable to believe thai with 
the lightening of the burden borne by the producers 
o( man's necessities, the benefits will be equally ;is 
glorious. 

Reformations come at a crisis, which has always 
occurred a( different lapses of time, in the several 
countries, as (he analysis of history proves. 

That this crisis (or a reform will occur in America, 
before i( shall be due in the older nations, is appar- 
ently a certainty. 

The Intelligent constructive forces of (his great re- 
public are becoming daily imbued with the spirit of 
more humanism, and when their real objective point 
shall become featured in these minds, barriers shall be 
cast aside, our fundamental fallacies repudiated, and 
a government untrammeled by antiquated precedents 
shall prevail. 

And Abraham Lincoln's greatest utterances, con- 
cerning the laws governing the people, shall be lived. 

Harmony oi' interests shall then be in truth a part 
of all, and though all may not have equal wealth, all 
shall have plenty, and all shall be rich in the posses- 
sion of man's greatest redeeming principle, that shall 
not covet the possessions of their neighbors. 

A republic where all shall be brave, not as soldiers, 
but as men patriotic to the marrow: proud of the land 
they shall have changed from the nourisher of 
STRIFE, BATHED, GREED and EGOTISM to that 
which for all time shall succor CHARITY, TRUTH, 
JUSTICE and MORALITY, 

Never in the history of the world are men seemingly 
so hungering after righteous principles as in this 
morning of the Twentieth Century. 

in all prophetic revelations of God's will, none 
seem more welcome to-day than these: 



SUMMING IT UP, 91 

"Aik3 the work of righteousness shall be feteace; and 
the effect of righteousness quietness and assurance 
forever. And my people shall dwell in ;i peaceable 
habitation, and in sure dwellings, and in quiet resting 
places* 51 



THH END 



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